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Food Security

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Browsing Food Security by Author "Baiyegunhi, Lloyd James Segun."

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    The contribution of dairy credit guarantee scheme to household food security among the beneficiaries in Swaziland.
    (2011) Nhleko, Nicholus Paul.; Hendriks, Sheryl Lee.; Baiyegunhi, Lloyd James Segun.; Shimelis, Hussein Ali.
    More than 60% of the dairy products consumed in Swaziland are imported from South Africa. The Swaziland Dairy Board had established the dairy credit guarantee scheme with Swaziland Finance Development Cooperation to improve local dairy production and boost the livelihoods of smallholder dairy farmers. Unfortunately, the scheme was terminated without its effectiveness being evaluated. Therefore, the study set out to investigate the contribution of the dairy credit guarantee scheme to household food security. A total of 30 beneficiary households participated in the study. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 18.0). The households were compared in terms of the mean number of cows, milk production and volume of sales using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The dairy scheme was open to all qualifying smallholder dairy farmers, but most (86.7%) beneficiaries were male. The beneficiary households owned, on average, between one and eight cows between 2006 and 2009, and produced 188079 litres of milk on average per year. The highest income generated from milk sales was R74137.00 per year between 2006 and 2009. The lowest income from milk sales was R1020.00, from a household with the lowest number of dairy cows on average per year between 2006 and 2009. Beneficiaries reported that the increase in income enabled them to accumulate agricultural assets, increased food purchases and the diversification of livelihoods. Over 56.7% of the households were able to diversify their livelihoods by engaging in other income-generating projects such as poultry and pig production, horticulture, selling groceries and block (brick) making. With improved income especially milking households were able to increase food supply and this is indicated by their higher average Food Consumption Scores (75.58) than non-milking households (59.65). However, all the average Food Consumption Scores were above 42 which is a threshold level for acceptable nutrient intake, dietary diversity and this implies that the dairy production scheme led to improved dietary intake. In conclusion, the dairy credit scheme has the potential to improve local milk production and household food security. It is, therefore, recommended that the dairy scheme be revived, with better accessibility. The establishment of dairy development policy should be considered, in order to create a favourable environment for dairying and the promotion of cooperation among dairy development partners. This cooperation would help to avoid duplication of efforts among development partners and create a platform for interaction, sharing of information and exchange of ideas.
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    Home gardening as a mitigation measure for food security of HIV/AIDS affected households in Mpophomeni Township, South Africa.
    (2013) Makwangudze, Kudzai Esther.; Baiyegunhi, Lloyd James Segun.
    HIV/AIDS has depleted the livelihood assets of many households and as such caused them to sink deeper into poverty. Due to the socio-economic impact of the epidemic, communities on their own or facilitated by outside agencies are coming up with mitigation strategies to minimise the impact. Home gardening is one activity being used by government and non-governmental organisations to create self-reliance and independency among affected households. This study examined the impact of home gardening on the food security status of HIV/AIDS affected households in the Mpophomeni Township of KwaZulu-Natal. A survey was conducted among 23 home gardeners and 10 representative households without home gardens. Data was collected using a questionnaire, focus group discussions and through interviews with key informants. Using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), 4.3% were food secure, 21.7% were mildly food insecure, 39.1% were moderately food insecure while 34.8 were severely food insecure among households with home gardens. The severely food insecure household were those who often would go for a day without eating, go to bed hungry or run out of food for more than ten days a month. A regression was used to determine the factors influencing the HFIAS score. The results of the analysis show that out of the six variables included in the regression model, five variables were statistically significant. These are level of education of the head of household, size of household, household monthly income, monthly food expenditure and participation in home gardening. The age of the head of household showed no significance in affecting the HFIAS score. T-tests were used to compare the food consumption score (FCS) and HFIAS score means of home gardeners and non-gardeners and there was no significant difference between their means for both scores. This implied that home gardens are not making a significant impact on the consumption score and food security status of home gardeners. Limited home garden sizes and vagaries of nature such as hailstorms, frost, pest and diseases were identified as factors limiting productivity of home gardens. The study recommended that the use of appropriate crop production methods such as improved seeds, inorganic and organic fertilisers and adequate pest and disease control will improve home garden productivity.