Cultural and Heritage Tourism

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The impact of events on sustainable tourism development in Durban: an evidence-based enquiry.
(2018) Mejabi, Ekundayo Ilesanmi.; Ndlovu, Joram.; Cele, Nokuthula Peace.
Sustainability has become one of the key elements of development for most tourist destinations. Some cities have adopted a sustainable development strategy as a long-term solution in improving socio-economic, cultural, and environmental practices. Traditionally, destinations have used events to achieve community enrichment, protect the natural environment, and create or maintain national pride. The aim of this research was to analyse the impact of events on sustainable tourism development in Durban. This research focused on the event tourism sector and its impact on the economy, environment, politics and the socio-cultural being of the host community. The objectives were to discuss the role of events in profiling a destination and the extent to which they could serve as catalyst for repeat visitation; the study sought to analyse the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding the contribution of events to socio-economic growth of the City. In carrying out the research, a mixed method approach was used. A total of 400 questionnaires were researcher administered and 25 in-depth interviews were conducted. The results show that there are economic spin offs resulting from visitor spending during major events in the City. Furthermore, the study shows that although events can be used as a tool for sustainable tourism development, the challenge is the unbalanced racial structure within the industry, poor state of the economy, and limited access to business start-up capital for SMMEs. The study concludes that events play a vital role in socio-economic growth and development of the tourism sector in Durban and recommends multi-stakeholder collaboration and partnerships to ensure sustained tourism growth.
The role of sustainable tourism in improving local communities' livelihoods in South Beach area, Durban.
(2022) Masuku, Xolani Rian.; Ndlovu, Joram.
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of sustainable tourism in improving local communities’ livelihoods in the South Beach area in Durban. The study sought to analyse the complexities of interactions and relationships that exist between host communities, local government, and tourism businesses (private sector). The aim was to understand the stakeholders’ capability to enhance the livelihoods of local communities. Since tourism-related businesses are predominant in the South Beach area, the study focused on the level of support given to local communities by tourism businesses. A qualitative research was employed in this study to investigate how organisations work, and understand how conversations shape these relationships, as well as the perceived context of sustainable tourism. A total of fourteen (14) people participated in the study. The results show that the South Beach tourism sector has contributed immensely towards improving the livelihoods of local communities by enhancing local community’s equilibrium, fostering healthy attitudes and behaviours towards nature, and increased public environmental consciousness. Tourism has contributed towards lasting local economic development and created permanent jobs for local people. Furthermore, sustainable tourism has promoted the sustainable consumption and production of goods and services. Other contributions include the provision of socio-economic benefits for communities who live in and around the South Beach area. The study further revealed that tourism has enhanced conservation of marine heritage and created authentic experiences for both tourists and local communities. The study concludes that cooperation between the private sector and local government is essential to ensure the sustainability of coastal tourism. Additionally, NGOs need greater support financially to improve the quality of life for nearby deprived communities.
Tourism disasters, crises and the risk-fear nexus: tourists perceptions of Durban as a tourism destination.
(2019) Phoofolo, Taemane Augustinus.; Ndlovu, Joram.
Tourism is an important economic sector in many countries worldwide. Many governments are placing a higher priority on tourism development because it leads to increased foreign exchange income and creates employment opportunities. However, the tourism sector is prone to both natural (floods, drought, diseases) and man-made (crime, unemployment, poverty, war, terrorism) disasters, crises and risks which invariably affect not only the tourists but the functionality, sustainability and competitiveness of a destination. The cumulative impact of disasters, crises and risks can result in the death of people, destruction of fauna and flora, displacement and suffering of people. Other effects include, the destruction of human settlements, physical infrastructure such as roads, railway lines and habitats of animals. The prevalence of disasters, crises and the risk can affect tourists’ travelling patterns and destination choices. Thus, rendering some places unsafe and unattractive. The aim of the study was to examine stakeholders’ perceptions regarding crises, risk responses and other factors that accentuate the vulnerability of tourists and destinations to a myriad of problems. The study sought to analyse the tourists’ perceptions on the relationship between tourism disasters and risk-fear nexus in Durban. The main objectives were to assess the potential disasters, crises and risks which tourists are exposed to while in Durban, the subsequent impacts of such disasters, and the possible disaster mitigation measures. In this study, the mobility, disaster, risk-perception theories and the model of international tourism decision-making process were used to interrogate the disaster-risk discourse. The study utilized a mixed method approach which enabled the researcher to unpack disasters, crises and risks ‘through the eyes’ of tourists and key informants in order to gain a thorough understanding of the dynamics concerned. Interviews were conducted with 399 tourists who visited Phezulu Cultural Village, Cabana Beach Resort and Botanical Gardens in Durban. The results were then analyzed SPSS. The results revealed that natural disasters such as floods, drought, and diseases pose a serious threat to the tourists and the tourism sector in the country. Consequently, that has an impact on the image and sustainability of the destination. The results show that man-made disasters, crises and risks like xenophobia, political instability, unemployment and poverty were the most prevalent. Therefore a concerted effort must be taken to prepare for crises and resort to recovery and reduction as some measures to mitigate them. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of disasters, crises and risks require a holistic approach which views the situation from “a wide sweep of contexts, from temporal and spatial, historical, political, economic, cultural, to social and personal. Finally, the study recommends engendering community resilience as a key measure in managing disaster. Further systematic research must be conducted to analyse the factors which increase the vulnerability of tourists to disasters, crises and risks, and to explore various ways of enhancing mitigation measures.

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