Repository logo

Dentistry

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/10413/6713

Browse

Browsing Dentistry by Author "Muslim, Tufayl Ahmed."

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An analysis of methods used by African Traditional Health practitioners to treat oral health conditions in Johannesburg, Gauteng.
    (2020) Modisha, Mangoedi Kinder Ingridh.; Muslim, Tufayl Ahmed.; Muslim, Tufayl Ahmed.
    Background African traditional medicine is widely used in South Africa. African traditional health practitioners treat patients who present with a variety of medical conditions, including oral health conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, and practices of African traditional health practitioners regarding oral health conditions. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey of 11 African traditional health practitioners who consented to be interviewed in the Johannesburg area was recruited to participate in a structured questionnaire survey, followed by focus group interviews with 10 practitioners. Ethical approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC ref. no 451/19). Following the collection of data from the questionnaire administration, a focus group interview was conducted. Data on the knowledge, treatment practices, and post-treatment management of four common oral conditions was collected and analysed. Results Eleven participants who consented to be interviewed, their average age was 44.1 (±8.1) years, with a range of 21-67 years, and a slight majority of female (55.5%, n=6). Ten further participants took part in focus group interviews. African traditional health practitioners were asked a series of questions, in non-dental terminology or language, related to their knowledge (causes); practise (what do you use to treat?, What advise do you give to the patient?); of four common oral health conditions. These are: sores on the lips, sores on the tongue, swollen gums and toothache. Participants reported using a variety of practices such as throwing bones, burning incense, using plants and animal product, as well as commercially manufactured products to treat and manage patients. Conclusion The results of the study reveal that there are vast differences in knowledge, management practices and treatment modalities of African traditional healthcare practitioners. Further research in the knowledge, practises and treatment of oral healthcare practitioners needs to be conducted. Mutual cooperation, collaboration and integrating African traditional health practitioners into primary oral healthcare services need to be urgently prioritised.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A comparative analysis of oral healthcare policy development between a developed country (Australia) and a developing country (South Africa)
    Muslim, Tufayl Ahmed.; Singh, S.
    Introduction: Health policy analysis aims to explain the interaction between institutions, interests and ideas in the policy process in order to ensure the best possible health outcomes. Cross-national policy analysis of oral health policies can be undertaken using a conceptual framework, and the results of this analysis could allow for cross-national lessons to be learnt that could be used to improve policy processes. This could result in improved population oral health service delivery and health outcomes. Aim: To undertake a cross-national policy analysis of a developed country (Australia) and a developing country (South Africa) in order to highlight lessons that could be learnt to improve policy development, implementation, reform and service delivery, that could lead to improved oral healthcare policy-making and provision. Objectives: This study sought to develop, and apply, a conceptual framework to undertake a cross-national comparative policy analysis study of a developed country (Australia) and a developing country (South Africa). This developed conceptual framework would need to allow policy analysts to undertake a comprehensive comparative policy analysis that could lead to an understanding and contextualisation of the complex policy environments found in developed and developing countries. Methods: A cross-national policy analysis of oral health policies for the period 2001-2011 was undertaken. A policy analysis conceptual framework was developed and used to comparatively analyse the various constructs, policy influences and policy actors that were involved in oral health policy-making. Data from a desktop literature search, and key stakeholder interviews were comparatively analysed using thematic content analysis, and a Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to identify lessons in policy development, implementation and reform that could be applied cross-nationally. Thereafter a Systems Dynamic (SD) computer simulation model was constructed and applied cross-nationally to human resources for health forecasting in order to expound the use of SD modelling in policy development and reform. Results: The results revealed that both countries have policy development and implementation structures that are historically embedded within the countries unique social contexts, and offer lessons regarding their strengths and weaknesses that could be applied cross-nationally to improve healthcare policy-making and provision. The results of the document analysis, together with the interviews and literature review, were triangulated and comparatively analysed using the themes outlined in the conceptual framework. These results revealed that a general policy development theory could be formulated and modified to suit local conditions. The need for high-quality valid and reliable data was also highlighted. Another result is the need for the appropriate needs-based and equitable reallocation of resources in order to ensure a feasible and practical oral healthcare system. Conclusions: The lessons offered from the cross-national oral health policy analysis could be adjusted and implemented to both developed and developing countries in order to improve their oral health policy development, implementation and reform structures and processes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Knowledge, attitudes and practices of exit-level Health Sciences students at a selected University in Durban, South Africa, towards the consumption of sugar-containing beverages following the introduction of the Sugar Tax in South Africa.
    (2021) Samuels, Lavern.; Muslim, Tufayl Ahmed.
    Introduction South Africa has the highest prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases, such as diabetes, dental caries, and obesity-related diseases. Many of these diseases are expensive and difficult to treat and place a burden on the healthcare system. If sugar-consumption can be decreased, then the prevalence of these diseases can be reduced, resulting in financial savings and reduced disease burden. Consequently, there will be a reduction in the number of healthcare workers needed, and the costs of delivering healthcare to the population. The sugar tax was implemented in South Africa to directly raise revenue for the State that could be utilised to prevent and treat lifestyle-related diseases and indirectly increase the price of food products containing sugar to reduce sugar consumption. It was envisaged that this reduced sugar consumption would reduce obesity and in diseases that have sugar as a causative agent. Healthcare professionals can play a critical role in advising patients on reducing sugar intake, especially with reduced consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Aim and objectives This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of knowledge, attitudes and practices of exit-level health sciences students at a selected University in Durban, South Africa, towards consuming sugar-containing beverages following the introduction of a sugar tax. Methods Gatekeeper permission was obtained from the Durban University of Technology and final ethical approval from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Online information sheets about the study were made available to 150 final-year students in the health sciences professions and informed consent was obtained. An online questionnaire was administered to the participants. It included questions around participants sociodemographic profile, knowledge of the sugar tax and SSBs, attitudes towards the sugar tax and SSBs, and perceptions of their practices relating to dietary advice and the sugar tax. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo, and quantitative data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 25) SPSS. Results The study population consisted of a young population with the mean age being 23.6 years. Most participants (60.4%, n=40, p.101707 – not significant), left the purchasing and food-choice decisions to their parents. Most participants (n=39, 59%) reported that they had changed their SSBs consumption habits. Most (78.2%, n=51) participants were not aware of the sugar tax's purpose and its introduction. Participants were mostly positive 61% (n=40) on their attitudes towards the merit of the implementation of a sugar tax, but 21 participants (32%) had a negative view of this tax, citing reasons such as that “even with an increase of the sugar beverages price, consumption will not decline.” The sugar tax theme is an excessive burden placed on an already over-taxed society. A violation of personal and constitutional rights was reported by 27% (n=18) of the participants who supported the sugar industries anti-sugar tax stance. Only 24% (n=16) believed they had not received sufficient education and training around sugar consumption containing beverages. Participants reported having had minimal training, lacking in-depth knowledge of the current literature about SSBs consumption. Conclusion This study raises several important questions regarding nutritional training among the various cadres of health sciences students at universities and technology universities. According to the results, it appears that there is a need for curriculum reform that would lead to improved training in diet and nutrition advice content. This is so that future health professionals will be more aware of the current trends and practices about diet and nutrition, thus offering their clients/patients holistic health management and treatment course of care. Extensive curriculum reform and redesign should occur, in that extensive training and education be given to all Health Sciences students and future healthcare workers about the ill effects of excessive sugar consumption, and that they are trained in being able to render dietary counselling and advice to their prospective patients.