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Browsing by Author "Bhushan, Ambika."

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    High rates of tuberculosis in patients accessing HAART in rural South Africa.
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., 2014) Naidoo, Kogieleum.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Bhushan, Ambika.; Naidoo, Kasavan.; Yende-Zuma, Fortunate Nonhlanhla.; Mchunu, Patricia K.; Fröhlich, Janet Ann.; Karim, Farina.; Upfold, Michele.; Kocheleff, Paul.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.
    Background: The challenge of early tuberculosis (TB) infection among rural patients accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a resource-limited setting with high HIV and TB burden has not been fully quantified. Methods: This is a retrospective study nested within a prospective study of 969 patients consecutively initiated onto HAART at the CAPRISA AIDS Treatment programme in rural KwaZulu-Natal between January 2007 and December 2010. Patients were screened for clinical symptoms consistent with TB using a standardized checklist, and routine clinical investigations that included sputum microscopy and chest x-ray diagnosis. Results: Of 969 HIV-infected patients initiated on HAART, 173 [17.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.5 to 20.4] had active TB at HAART initiation. TB incidence rates were 3-fold higher in the first 3 months (early incident TB) after HAART initiation [11.5/100 person years (py); 95% CI: 7.1 to 17.5] compared with 4–24 months (late incident TB) post-HAART initiation (3.2/100 py; 95% CI: 2.2 to 4.5; incidence rate ratio: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.0 to 6.4; P , 0.001). Immune status of patients at HAART initiation did not impact TB incidence rates in patients with CD4+ counts of ,50 (5.3/100) and .200 (4.9/100 py; P = 0.81) cells per cubic millimeter. CD4+ count gains achieved 12 months post-HAART initiation were significantly different in patients with early incident TB versus late incident TB; P = 0.03. Conclusions: Rural HIV treatment programmes in TB-endemic settings experience high rates of TB irrespective of immunologic status of patients at HAART initiation, or duration on HAART.
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    Recurrent tuberculosis among HIV-coinfected patients: a case series from KwaZulu-Natal.
    (Dove Medical Press., 2018) Naidoo, Kogieleum.; Dookie, Navisha.; Naidoo, Kasavan.; Yende-Zuma, Fortunate Nonhlanhla.; Chimukangara, Benjamin.; Bhushan, Ambika.; Govender, Dhineshree.; Gengiah, Santhanalakshmi.; Padayatchi, Nesri.
    Abstract available in pdf.