Browsing by Author "Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael."
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Item Examining intergovernmental relations in Nigeria’s Second Republic (1979-1983) and the Fourth Republic (1999-2007): insights from selected states in the South West, Nigeria.(2019) Adedire, Solomon Adebayo.; Mtshali, Khondlo Phillip Thabo.; Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael.This study is an empirical research work that employed the use of primary and secondary data to interrogate the nature of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria’s Second and Fourth Republics with insights drawn from Osun, Oyo, Ondo, Lagos and Ekiti states in South Western Nigeria. Primary data were collected through a field survey and public documents. Sources of secondary data include texts, journals, newspapers, and other published literature. A hybrid of two models, the overlapping-authority model and the coordinate-authority model, was adopted to analyse the authority structure of different political actors saddled with different constitutional responsibilities. The findings of the study revealed that the central government has more fiscal power for policy direction, than the subnational levels of government. The empirical analysis showed structural imbalance in Nigeria’s federalism, which constituted obstacle to federal stability. In addition, the central government has the prerogative to legislate on matters under the exclusive legislative list, which defines the nature of power relations between the central government and the government of the subnational units. The increase in the number of the subnational units from 19 to 36 states in the 1979 and 1999 constitutions respectively, and the expanded expenditure obligations, weakened the revenue base of the subnational levels of government. The subnational levels, in the Fourth Republic, unlike those of the Second Republic, are less viable. This development weakened their fiscal strength for effective service delivery, because they lacked fiscal resources to fulfil their expenditure obligations. The federal government retains the bulk of government revenue. Additionally, appointments to public offices did not reflect the federal character. Through the exploration of the provisions of the 1979 and 1999 constitutions, there existed discrepancies between the constitutional provisions and their practice. The attitudes and behaviours of the actors at different levels of government were not in tandem with the constitutional provisions, with clear evidence of outright violation of the rule of law. The study, therefore, recommends the need to reassess intergovernmental fiscal relationship, strengthen the mechanisms and institutions for intergovernmental policy coordination, reliance on economic expert for effective service delivery, obedience to law, and maximization of states resources as a way of improving federal-state-local relations.Item Examining the peculiarities of executive-legislative relations in Nigeria’s presidential system : insights from selected states in the Fourth Republic, 1999-2015.(2019) Jombo, Ojo Celestine.; Mtshali, Khondlo Phillip Thabo.; Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael.This study examines the peculiarities of executive-legislative relations in selected states of Ekiti, Ondo, Osun and Oyo, South-West Nigeria, in the Fourth Republic. The study interrogates the incessant antagonism and confrontation between the executive and legislative arms of government in the selected states within the ambit of the socio-cultural milieu and institutional contexts peculiar to them. It also examined the implications of the constant acrimonious executive-legislative relation on democratic stability of the states and political stability of Nigeria. Through empirical fieldwork research through interviews, coupled with primary and secondary data from archival materials, public documents and extant literature, the study reviewed and reaffirmed the primacy of the legislature in the Nigeria’s presidential system. With the use of descriptive method and content analysis, the study established the peculiarities of the elites’ behaviour toward the exercise of power in relation to the crisis of confidence that usually engendered constant frictions in the executive-legislative relations in the selected states. The study discovered that the particularistic nature of the political elites in the states and the varying roles and degrees of interventions by political parties, determined the intensity of the executive legislative feuds. The study revealed the implications of the acrimonious executive-legislative relations on democratic stability of the selected states, and, by extension, Nigeria. The study concluded that eliminating friction between the executive and the legislature is somewhat difficult, if not completely impossible, given the realities of power separation and checks mechanisms built into the nation’s constitution. The study found that determined commitment of the political elites across the executive-legislative divide would be necessary to stem the tide of political instability arising from the tension generated by the conflict between the two arms of government. For democratic stability to be sustained, the arms of government should operate within the limit of their constitutional powers while the judiciary is strengthened and insulated from the vagaries of politics. An activist judiciary is needed for judicious interpretation of the rules and principles that guide the operation of presidential system in Nigeria.Item Exploring the politics of impeachment in Nigeria's presidential system : insights from selected states in the fourth republic, 1990-2007.(2016) Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael.; Francis, Suzanne.This study, through extensive empirical fieldwork research through interviews, interrogates the politics associated with the exercise of the power by the legislature to remove heads of the executive branch of government in the Nigerian presidential system. The study draws insights from the cases of impeachment in some selected states from 1999-2007. Through the frameworks of structural functionalism, elite and legislative role theories, the study analyzed the behaviors, attitudes and dispositions of the Nigerian political elite towards the exercise of requisite constitutional powers. The findings of the study show that external influence weakens the institutional capacity of the legislature to effectively exercise its oversight power over the executive. The prevalence of patron-client politics encouraged a selective application of impeachment provisions as an instrument of political vendetta and harassment. This has weakened the oversight power of the legislature thereby engendering accountability problems. It also deepens the crisis of governance because of the failure of the relevant institutional framework to tame unethical behaviour exercised by the political elite. Additionally, the Nigerian presidential system is unable to deliver public goods through an integrated institutional process. Policy outputs run contrary to the institutional framework that is supposed to provide the requisite capacity for the promotion of good governance in their exercise of political power, the political elite exploit institutional structures and processes at the expense of the public. This has evolved into a political culture that undermines good governance. The study therefore recommends the need for multiple measures of accountability, a truly independent judiciary, legislative independence and a reorientation of the people’s perception of political power.