Browsing by Author "Frizelle, Kerry Lyn."
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Item A formative evaluation of a child abuse prevention programme in KwaZulu-Natal.(2022) Makhathini, Sinothile Andile Sinegugu.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Background Abuse against children has been a concerning social phenomena in South Africa for many years, yet there are only a few child abuse prevention programmes that have been developed and designed to try and address this issue. Such prevention programmes aim to create awareness, educate children and families, assist with reporting cases, and provide trauma counselling and safe houses. Formative evaluations are important an important part of tracking the success in offering and managing prevention interventions. Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct a formative evaluation of a child abuse prevention programme at the Open Door Crisis Care Centre (ODCCC). To do so this study explored, from the perspective of social workers responsible for running the programme, the roles the social workers play in the organisation, the design of the child abuse prevention programme, the facilitators’ experiences in facilitating the child abuse prevention programme, the challenges faced in the implementation of the child abuse prevention programme, how those challenges can be overcome, and the areas that the child abuse prevention programme can be improved on. high workload, (3) political interference, (4) lack of funding, and (5) the lack of volunteers. These challenges are further exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. Conclusion: The ODCCC child abuse prevention programme has been instrumental in helping the victims of child abuse by offering a range of services including counselling, shelter, support groups and awareness campaigns in the surrounding communities and schools. Recommendation: The social workers in the current study recommend the Department of Social Development to prioritise child abuse prevention programmes in South Africa and avail funding to these programmes across the country. As demonstrated in the current study, the child abuse prevention programme faces huge challenges, and a lack of funding is a major obstacle in the implementation of this programme. Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative design. The researcher conducted semi -structured interviews with four social workers to collect data and used thematic analysis to interpret and analyse the data collected. Findings: The findings show the ODCCC child abuse preventive programme, from the social workers perspective, provides essential services such as counselling, safe shelter, support groups and awareness campaigns for those affected by child abuse in the surrounding community. The social workers employed at ODCCC view their roles as improving the general well-being of abused children and their families by assisting them in meeting their fundamental needs which include reporting of abuse to the police, referral to a doctor to gather evidence, and preparation for court. The creating awareness has been a powerful tool because children are more cautious and aware of grooming. The findings further highlight that the ODCCC child abuse prevention programme is facing many challenges, these challenges are; (1) shortage of social workers, (2)Item A bioecological exploration of two older women’s aging experiences who reside in Winnie Mandela, Tembisa.(2021) Mkhomazi, Nosipho Bernadette.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.The numbers of people aged 60 years and older have been shown to be on the rise at a global scale, with Africa being at the forefront of this rise. In declaring 2020-2030 ‘The Decade of Healthy Ageing’, the World Health Organisation acknowledges that up until now aging has been neglected in terms of services, structures, research, policy development and implementation. As a result, there is very little knowledge on how older people experience their communities and what needs to be done to improve their aging experiences. This study aimed to address this gap in the research literature. The study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore two older people’s aging experiences within the Winnie Mandela community in Tembisa. The participants were recruited using both purposive and snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews was used as the method of data collection. The study design and analysis was informed by Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological framework. The findings show that an older person’s experiences are the outcome of an interplay between their biological bodies, social relationships with family, peers, and the larger community, and various structures within the community in which they are embedded. This intersection influences the experiences and emotional wellbeing of an older person. Key findings at the individual level showed that with increasing age, the older person experiences a decline in bodily functions, which is a reality that is difficult to accept. Despite this decline, older people showed the desire to still be active participants in their daily lives. The study also showed that older people develop emotional attachments to their places of residence, mainly because they provide them with familiarity of place and a sense of belonging. At the relational level, relationships with family, peers and the community were identified as essential for meeting the older person’s emotional (a sense of belonging) and daily functional needs. At the contextual level, neighborhood crime, the church, traditional practices, clinics, and social clubs all mediated the participants aging experiences.Item Constructs of homosexual identities : an exploration of the narratives of six white, South African homosexual men.(2003) Bright, Debra.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.This qualitative study, informed by narrative and social constructionist theory, aimed to engage with the tensions and complexities emerging from the narratives of six white, South African homosexual men, of two different age-groups (older and younger). The intention was to assess the extent to which time-constrained understandings of homosexuality - as sin, sickness and adaptive choice - have impacted on the lived experience of these homosexuals. It was found that all-independent of era - refer to internalised homophobia. It was discovered, however, that due to freedom of the press, and psychologisation, while the younger participants testify to the complexity of their lived experience, they do have more recourse and agency in constructing and negotiating their sex lives, and their place in their gay communities.Item Donor insemination families : a qualitative exploration of being lesbian parents raising sperm donor children in South Africa.(2010) Suckling, Carryn Ann.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.This research aimed to explore the parenting experiences of lesbian women who chose to have children through artificial insemination. While this study aimed to explore the experience of being a lesbian parent in South Africa generally, its intent was to be primarily vigilant of the particular challenges that face lesbian parents having children (through sperm donation) within the broader context of heterosexuality in South Africa. Using the voice-centred relational method of analysis, two separate interviews with a lesbian parenting couple were analysed. The findings revealed a number of expected and some unexpected challenges that lesbian parents of sperm donor children reportedly contend with. The overall finding was that lesbian parenting is a significantly challenging experience. Whilst it can be argued that parenting for all individuals is fraught with difficulties, what this study highlights is that for lesbian parents, typical parenting difficulties are exacerbated by societal judgment and lack of support. It is hoped that this research will contribute to filing the vast gap in South African literature relating to lesbian parenting as well as provide the impetus for further research relating to this topic to be conducted within South Africa. This research also intends to provide an educational resource to potential lesbian mothers as well as to lesbian parents who may possibly seek solace in the awareness they are not alone in terms of the challenges which they may face. Last but certainly not least, it is hoped that the insights of this study may assist psychologists in improving their competency in working with same sex parent populations by cultivating knowledge, understanding, self reflection and empathy skills.Item An ecological analysis of the stories of fourteen HIV infected and affected individuals.(2012) Khosa, Xithembiso.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.No abstract available.Item An ecological exploration of how South African university students negotiate their menstruation within the university system.(2018) Ngubane, Nokubonga Purity.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Objective of the study The purpose of this study is to contribute to the ‘demedicalisation” of menstruation among university students. It aimed to do this by using a socio-ecological model to explore the way in which a sample of female University residence students experience and negotiate their menstruation within the university context. Method Two focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of nine female participants who resided in the university student residences. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings The findings of this study highlight that there are a number of intersecting factors that impact on how university students experience their menstruation. The findings of this study showed that a number of factors combine to result in menstruation experiences that have a negative impact on the students’ academic performance. For example, their performance is not just affected by internal, physiological factors, but by wider structural issues such as a lack of clean university bathrooms that prevents them from changing their sanitary pads at university and forces them to leave campus early. It was also found that a lack of appropriate education on methods of managing menstrual pain results in students managing their menstrual symptoms by taking medication that causes, for example, drowsiness. This research challenges the medical approach towards menstruation and creates awareness of other factors that impact on students’ experiences of menstruation such as wider socio-cultural discourses, gendered relationships, significant interpersonal relationships, university infrastructure and economic status. Conclusion This research has contributed to a body of research that highlights how contextual factors intersect to influence how university students experience their menstruation. There is a need for structural interventions that acknowledge that students should not be expected to manage menstruation on their own, but should, rather be able to expect their university to provide appropriate resources to improve their menstruation experiences while at university.Item An exploration of university students’ views on intimate femicide in South Africa.(2021) Ngubane, Nokubonga.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Most of the research regarding views on intimate femicide has been conducted abroad, while views concerning the phenomena have not been researched extensively in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was therefore to explore university students’ views of intimate femicide in the South Africa context It explored, firstly, the student’s views on the reasons for the occurrence of intimate femicide, secondly, their views on howIPVincidences are portrayed in the media and, thirdly, their views on the appropriateness of existing interventions at addressing the scourge. The study analysed transcriptions of semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 students from a university in South Africa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data through the lens of ecological theory. The participants identified an array of intersecting factors at different levels of influence that they believe are driving femicide in South Africa. For example, participants felt that intrapersonal emotions like ‘jealousy’ and emotional dependence played a part in femicide. ‘Participants identified parenting practices and the witnessing of childhood violence (a mesosystemic factor) as contributing towards the formation of hegemonic masculine identities, which they viewed as playing a role in femicide. The participants were critical of the tendency for the media (an exosystemic factor) to adopt a ‘sensationalist’ reporting style and disproportionately cover femicides committed by high-profiled individuals, which ultimately does little to educate the public on the issue. The participants viewed protection orders (a macrosystemic factor) as a mere, ‘piece of paper’, leaving women vulnerable to femicide. In sum, the participants proposed (in keeping with the ecological framework) that intimate femicide is a social issue that requires interventions at the individual, interpersonal, community, cultural, political, and institutional levels. Overall, this study concluded that students are aware that various factors at various levels of influence are driving femicide and that these insights might have been partly mediated by their studies. It also found that students are an active audience of media representations of femicide. Lastly, students pointed to the need for multi-level interventions to address femicide. The findings provide insight into media representations of intimate femicide and how journalistic accounts can be adjusted to encourage advocacy. The study also multi-systemic interventions that could contribute to addressing this phenomenon.Item Exploring students' experiences of an HIV/AIDS service learning module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.(2009) Aitken, Jayde.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.This critical interpretivist case study explored students’ experiences of an HIV/AIDS service learning module run in the School of Psychology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The study was originally initiated in response to a request from CHESP to evaluate this module. It has since become an independent study with the purpose of exploring the kind of learning (HIV specific) that students gained from the module. A number of studies have attempted to explore students’ experiences of service learning through students’ evaluations, or have focused on the effects of the community intervention on the community. These are often of a quantitative nature and do not engage with students' experiences on a deeper level. They also tend to focus on measuring students’ knowledge and understandings of HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore whether students had experienced a genuine engagement in the service learning module, focusing on their level of reflection on their identities, their understandings of self and other, and their understandings of their own location within the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Furthermore, there would need to be evidence of Freireian critical consciousness. Using the voicecentred relational method of analysis, reflective essays of the 20 students who completed the service learning module in 2006 were analysed. The findings of the study revealed that most of the students had engaged at this level and were able to reflect on a number of critical issues that are pertinent to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study provides the impetus for further research to be conducted in the field of service learning, as it is a valuable educational tool for getting students to engage critically and openly with issues around sexuality and HIV. Moreover, the findings of this study should be used to promote service learning with a focus on HIV/AIDS in other degree programmes, as well as other tertiary institutions.Item Fathering in current times : a thematic analysis of Botswanan men’s fatherhood experiences.(2019) Ramonkga, Botho Nanvula.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.There is a clear shortage of studies that explore how fatherhood is constructed and experienced in Botswana. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to explore how Botswanan men construct fatherhood. The philosophical and methodological premise of social constructionism was adopted to frame the study. A thematic analysis of data, collected using qualitative interviews of Botswanan fathers aged between 21- 45 years, identified a number of central themes: “construction of Botswanan fatherhood”, “positioning in relation to others”, “types of fathering”, “doing fathering differently” and “factors influencing fatherhood.” This study argues that fatherhood is dependent on prevalent discourses within society and is dynamic. Most men who took part in the study drew on wider cultural discourses such as the provider and disciplinarian roles to construct fatherhood and renegotiate wider historical discourses and incorporated them in new ways. Their roles extended beyond simply being the provider and disciplinarian and included emotional care and good communication. Another argument is that historical cultural views can be reinforced at the very same time that aspects of them are being challenged. This study showed that although most fathers challenged the role of the father as provider and disciplinarian, they reverted very strongly to traditional cultural and religious positions that the father should be heterosexual.Item In pursuit of a critical (African) psychology pedagogy in a South African university: a critical self-study.(2020) Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.; Moletsane, Relebohile.This thesis explores the under-researched nexus between critical psychology and critical pedagogy in the South Africa context. Adopting a self-study approach, it investigates how critical pedagogy might inform the pedagogical practices of critical psychologists teaching in the higher education context. The thesis uses findings from five smaller studies, using a range of qualitative methods (discourse analysis, classroom based study, critical autoethnography, personal history), to explore various aspects of my positioning and educational practices as a critical pedagogue teaching critical psychology in the South African context. Self-study is validated as a form of critical praxis, where critical reflection, action, and theory work together to transform educational spaces. The thesis demonstrates the effectiveness of self-study methodology for exploring the ways in which the wider socio-historical and political context mediates educator subjectivities and manifests in various pedagogical practices. The thesis, based on a collective reading of the five studies, culminates in the proposition of seven principles that might underlie a Critical (African) Psychology Pedagogy (C(A)PP), that is particularly relevant to the South African context.Item An interpretive evaluation of a positive rights based sexual health programme for Grade 11 learners in a secondary school in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.(2014) Mncwabe, Joachim Sduduzo.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Advances in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in the past 15 years have led to a reputable decline in the rate of new infections and a reduction of HIV related deaths. However, the prevalence rate in the Sub-Saharan region reveals that HIV/AIDS still meets general epidemic criteria. South Africa is the country with the highest number of people living with HIV. While there is a number of sexual health programmes aimed at South African youth their effectiveness is not the same for all programmes. Thus, there is a continued need to evaluate implemented interventions to assess for effectiveness. This study was initiated as a response to the need for an evaluation of an annual youth sexuality and sexual health programme offered by service learning university students. Objective: In this study, a process evaluation of a sexuality and sexual health programme designed and implemented by HIV/AIDS Service learning module students was evaluated. The learners’ subjective experience of the programme was explored. The learners’ evaluation of the programme in comparison to other programmes, the experience of being taught by University students, and areas of interests related to youth sexuality were explored. Methods: Four focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of 18 learners who had participated in the programme. Interpretive data analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: The participants were appreciatively receptive to a youth sexuality programme facilitated by service learning university students. Furthermore, the positive rights based approach was recognized by the learners as one that nurtures a comfortable environment for learning about youth sexuality and sexual health. Comparisons with previous sources of information highlighted the perceived relevance of the programme evaluated in this study. Gender inequality, sexual diversity, positive aspects of sexuality and safe sex practices emerged as key areas of interest for learners.Item Maternal hell : the other side of a mother's love : an exploratory study of maternal ambivalence.(2006) Kell, Gabrielle.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Parker (1996 ) suggests that all mothers experience maternal ambivalence , that is the feelings of love and hate directed simultaneously at one's own child . Furthermore Parker (1996 ) contends that this is a normal, healthy part of the development of the mother-child relationship . However due to social expectations around mothering the experience o f ambivalent feelings towards one's own child is considered abnormal and even pathological. As such any normal experiences of maternal ambivalence are experienced as deeply conflictual and distressing by the mothers. Price (1988 ) and Parker (1996 ) suggest that as a result of these deeply distressing experiences , mothers feel intense guilt and desperation which , if these become unmanageable , can lead to deep feelings of depression in the mother and even possibly child abuse. This study made use of directed focus groups and sought to explore the difficulties and tensions created by maternal ambivalence and to unpack the way in which mothers understood these experiences . The voice relational method of analysis was used to deepen the understanding of the participants stories. It became clear that maternal ambivalence was evident across these participant's narratives and was mediated by social expectations , as Parker (1996 ) proposed . The majority of these participants found these experiences incredibly distressing and deeply conflictual . They expressed the feeling of being alone in these experiences and interpreted these experiences as abnormal and sometimes even pathological . However , through the process of the focus groups the process of maternal ambivalence began to be normalised and reconstructed in a more enabling and supportive way.Item A narrative and hermeneutic approach to understanding the career development of ten professional black South African women.(2002) Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.; Mkhize, Nhlanhla Jerome.This study uses a narrative and hermeneutic approach to explore the career development often professional Black South African women. Using an interview guide developed by Brown and Gilligan (1991) and adapted by Mautner and Doucet (1996) career narratives were collected from the ten women. The narratives were analysed using a Reading Guide (Tappan and Brown, 1992). This method involved reading each narrative a number of times, focusing on a particular aspect of the respondent's narrative with each reading. Four major themes emerged through the process of interpretation; 1) contextualised career narratives, 2) positive non-directional career narratives, 3) the social embeddedness of the career narratives and 4) gendered career development. A number of recommendations for research, practice and theory building were made on the basis of the interpretation.Item A qualitative exploration of self-perceived multicultural and social justice competence amongst a sample of psychologists.(2019) Tsepiso, Thusi Tumelo.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Background: The population of South Africa is characterised by cultural diversity and shares a rich socio-political history. Working in such a context can prove to be a very complex experience for psychologists. Due to its political history of apartheid, the country continues to have racial tensions and socioeconomic inequality. Though the new democratic South Africa guarantees the right to equality and protection from all forms of discrimination, it still presents itself with many forms of social injustice. Thus, there is a need for psychologists whom work in such a context to be equipped with the skills to address all issues of diversity. The study was done to explore whether psychologists feel adequately equipped to deal with multicultural issues that may surface during their sessions. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore whether psychologists feel equipped to bring about social justice for clients experiencing different levels of oppression. Methods: A sample of four psychologists participated in the study. Each participant was interviewed twice, with the second interview used as a follow up from the previous one in order get more in-depth information from the participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Findings: Participants revealed that they needed more training and experience to enhance their multicultural counselling competence. Participants reflected on their struggles of working with clients experiencing various issues of oppression such as those related to poverty, discrimination and violence. A significant finding was that the majority of the participants expressed that they felt inadequately prepared by their training program to address clients’ issues of oppression/social injustice. Conclusions: There is a need for psychology training to seriously engage in critical understandings of multicultural and social justice counselling. In order for the field of psychology to become a powerful entity within the South African context, it needs to acknowledge the impact of historical, political and social influences on clients’ lives.Item A qualitative exploration of the career narratives of six South African Black professionals.(2014) Mzobe, Notsikelelo.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.The purpose of this study is to explore the contextual factors that influence the career development of black South African professionals. The study is a response to the modernism approach to career development which has led careers and career development to be perceived as being linear, stable and fixed. Rational, western career development and career guidance has been used in South Africa but has, however, not been applicable to the South African context as it has been largely influenced by values of individualism and diminishes the importance of context. There has been limited research that explores the influence of wider contextual factors on career development. This study investigates the narratives of career development of a sample black professionals in the context of the legacy of apartheid, which continues to impact the education and training system in South Africa and which continues to create class, racial, gender, and other inequalities around access to educational opportunities. The study uses a qualitative narrative and hermeneutic method based on social constructivism and systems theory, to contribute to theoretical understanding of career development. Six participants (2 males and 4 females) were selected for this study. Being 35 years or older the respondents have lived through the apartheid era which has had an influence on their career development, and also have a substantial career narrative they can reflect on. Non-probability purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used in the study. The study finds that many contextual factors influence the career development of black South African professionals. Family played a significant role, even more so than finances, on the career development of participants. Individuals in the study emphasised the need for social conformity, collective decision making and conforming to familial expectations when it comes to career decision making. These findings challenge traditional theoretical assumptions of a career as solely determined by intrapersonal factors. Other factors such a family, religion, gender, self-efficacy, political factors, socio-economic factors and culture play an important role in career development. It also demonstrates the interplay of family and culture that has largely been ignored within career research. In light of this study's findings, it is suggested that more research using the qualitative method of data collection and analysis in this study could be used to explore the impact of various contextual factors on the career development of black South Africans who have been under-researched in career research.Item Three Black mother’s experiences of postnatal depression.(2018) Majola, Marineesa.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of postnatal depression from the perspective of three Black African women living in South Africa. A large body of the present literature is from the Western perspective based on White middle-class women. Qualitative research on Black African women’s experiences of postnatal depression in South Africa is underrepresented. Quantitative literature currently available in South Africa focuses on identification and treatment of postnatal depression or on the relationship between postnatal depression and child development. While this quantitative body of research is important and highlights the context of motherhood it does not open the lived experience of postnatal depression up for exploration (Mauthner, 1998). The present research study aimed to open up the experience of postnatal depression for qualitative exploration from the position of Black South African women. Given the study’s exploratory position, the study explored how mothers experience motherhood and the factors that these mothers felt contributed to their postnatal depression. Three Black African mothers’ who were diagnosed with postnatal depression were purposively selected to share their experiences. Data was collected through the use of semi-structured interviews and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Analysis of the data illustrates that, from the perspective of the participating mothers, wider social expectations of motherhood, adjustment to motherhood, social pressure and perceived fear of judgement contributed to women developing postnatal depression. It is recommended that mental health and public health professionals should consistently provide all mothers regardless of their circumstances and demographics with information on motherhood including childbirth and labor.Item Unlocking careers through metaphors in South Africa.(2008) Bernon, Elsa.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.This qualitative , critical-interpretivist study critically explored the career metaphors produced by a South African sample, by adapting the theoretical, methodological and analytical framework of a study conducted by El-Sawad (2005) on a British sample. The current study used metaphor analysis to explore the way in which a sample of South African's experience and conceptualise their careers within a context that has undergone (and continues to undergo) rapid social, economic and political change.Item A voice-centered relational analysis of the career development narratives of six Black African professionals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.(2018) Swana, Amanda Pamella.; Frizelle, Kerry Lyn.Career Psychology and career education is not a new concept in the South African context, it is evident dating back as far as 1943. Literature shows that career guidance was first introduced in White schools and later into the Black African schools, with various political and legislative constraints which resulted from the apartheid governance. Centuries later, the country is still faced with the challenge of addressing the inequalities which resulted from the apartheid governance and the education structures of the time, one of the main inequalities which are relevant for this study is access to career education and career guidance that informs career decisions. Career psychology is traditionally informed by western career theories, these career theories do not adequately account for contextual factors which influence one’s career development. As a result of this critique, there rose the call for indigenous career theories relevant to a multicultural context. This study was undertaken as an attempt to explore the contextual factors which influenced the career development of six Black Africans in KwaZulu-Natal. It further aimed to explore whether these contextual factors were enablers or constraints on the career development of the six South African Black professionals. This qualitative study was informed by the theories of social constructionism and social constructivism. Career narratives were collected and transcripts were analysed using the voice-centered relational method, which provided a structure of four readings as a guideline for analysis. The findings of this study provided an explorative view of the contextual factors which influenced career development. Through the four readings, two overarching themes emerged mainly a career narrative beyond the self and Complex career narratives . Within these overarching themes lies various contextual factors such as family expectations, cultural dynamics, historical and political structures, lack of career guidance, unplanned happenstance, financial limitations and religion. The study also further supported the call for indigenous career theories that address challenges faced in the South African context. The study concluded by providing recommendations for research, theory and practice. In addition, the study encouraged researchers to further explore the concept of social justice in understanding career development in South Africa.