Browsing by Author "Majeke, Sisana Janet."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

The experiences of rape survivors concerning post exposure prophylaxis at a regional hospital, Ethekwini district.
(2005) Ndlovu, Thulisile.; Majeke, Sisana Janet.
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of rape survivors who were receiving Post Exposure Prophylaxis at a regional hospital. Methodology: A phenomenological approach was used to explore the phenomena, of rape survivors' perception and experiences concerning the Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) they received. The study was conducted in R.K.Khan Hospital, in an Outpatient Department in a gynaecology clinic. This is the regional hospital located in Chatsworth, in the Inner Outer West of Ethekwini District. The sample comprised of ten female rape survivors who were receiving Post Exposure Prophylaxis. Data was collected by means of face-to-face interviews using an interview guide. Interviews were lasting thirty to forty minutes long per participant. The researcher applied the principle of theoretical saturation of data and a total of ten participants were included in the study. All interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed manually using the Editing Analysis Style. Findings: The results of this study indicated that PEP is the new service to rape survivors and this evoked that when you are being raped you face a risk of range of immediate, medium, and long term health problems; physical, and psychological problems. The rape survivors described a number of emotions and physical reactions that they experienced when they were receiving PEP after rape, which were negative and positive reactions. Most experiences they faced indicated that they benefited from the PEP program, because they gained knowledge, got support from care providers and major diseases and complications were prevented by offering the Post Exposure Prophylaxis A number of recommendations were suggested for the provision of PEP program to the community that is for nursing practice, management and education, the policy makers and for future research in an 'attempt to prevent major complications and health problems that occur in rape survivors.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and utilisation of the partograph by midwives and obstetricians in a regional hospital in the eThekwini District.
(2016) Msomi, Lungile Audrey.; Majeke, Sisana Janet.
Introduction: A partograph, alternatively called labour graph, is a simple pre-printed paper form on which midwives and obstetricians record labour observations. These observations consist of foetal condition vital signs, features of progress of labour, maternal condition vital signs and therapeutics undertaken in the course of labour. Improper use of the partogram was a major avoidable factor in women dying as a result of puerperal sepsis and postpartum haemorrhage. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge, attitudes and utilization of the partograph by midwives and obstetricians in a regional hospital in the eThekwini district. Methodology: This is a quantitative descriptive study. Data collection was done in October and November, 2011. The first part of the study, was prospective in nature, data were collected from self-administered questionnaire which explored the knowledge, attitudes and utilization of the partograph by midwives and obstetricians. The second part of the study was retrospective in nature, data were collected by a chart audit of partograms from the maternity files of women who delivered vaginally in September, 2010 at the study site. Results: The partograph was used to monitor the progress of labour in all the deliveries, but the recording of variables was incomplete in 38 (38%) partograms, whereas 62 (62%) partograms were completely recorded. The incompletely recorded parameters included temperature, pulse, blood pressure and urine estimation, date and time of rupture of membranes. There were differences in the responses of obstetricians compared to midwives, not only in the use of partograph, but also in the recording of data. Conclusion: It is evident therefore, that, despite the wide use of the partograph to monitor women in labour, the recording, interpretation and eventual interventions are still deficient, and that more need to be done in order to address this protracted weakness in the management of labour.
Exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women on infant feeding methods for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in a regional hospital of eThekwini district.
(2015) Khanyile, Sibongile Thulisiwe.; Majeke, Sisana Janet.
Background: HIV-infected mothers in high income countries are advised not to breast-feed and are family oriented regarding the decision of the choice of feeding method for their infants. In contrast, in low and middle income countries (LMIC) the responsibility of making an informed choice on feeding practice rests primarily on the woman herself. The choice of infant feeding method is important for HIV-positive mothers in order to optimize the chance of survival for their infants and to minimize the risk of HIV transmission. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women with regard to the infant feeding method for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Methodology This study used a quantitative and descriptive design. It was conducted at a regional hospital of eThekwini District. Systematic sampling was used to select 250 respondents. Data was collected data using semi-structured questions in a questionnaire. The data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics using SPSS version 19. Results of the study All 104 (100%) respondents infected with the HIV virus strongly agreed that transmission of the HIV virus occurred from mother to child at the time of pregnancy, during delivery or through breastfeeding. All 104 (100%) of the HIV infected women strongly agreed that formula feeding had no role in the transmission of the HIV virus and they were familiar with modes of transmission of the HIV virus. Forty eight (46%) of the HIV infected respondents stated that they will exclusively breastfeed their infants; 34 (33%) will adopt the mixed feeding method that is breastfeeding and the utilization of formula, while 22 (21%) will use the replacement feeding method milk that the government supplies. Conclusion The choice of feeding practices among the HIV infected and HIV uninfected respondents was varied. The majority 145 (58%) of the respondents selected exclusive breastfeeding as their choice of infant feeding method, while 38 (15.2%) selected replacement and 67 (26.8%) chose mixed feeding. Several factors influenced the mother’s preferred feeding method for their infants. Recommendations Following the results from this study, the recommendations include: Health educate all the pregnant mothers and their relatives on the importance of PMTCT programs with an emphasis on adequate feeding practices, and provide the most recent feeding guidelines. Support to the HIV positive mothers with limited resources, in particular these breastfeeding.
School-going youth, sexuality and HIV prevention in Northern KwaZulu-Natal : a gender perspective.
(2011) Majeke, Sisana Janet.; Burns, Catherine E.; Morrell, Robert Graham.; Goedhals, Mary Mandeville.
The incidence of HIV cannot be separated from social relationships. Therefore different forms of social relationships are bound to have different impacts; different identities may result in varied degrees of spread of HIV (Kirumira, 2004:158). Gender issues are increasingly being recognised as having a critical influence on the HIV epidemic in southern Africa. Gender inequalities fuel the HIV and AIDS pandemic, rendering females more vulnerable to HIV infection than males. This is shown clearly by HIV prevalence which is reported to be higher among young females than young males (Human Science Research Council, 2005:33). This thesis concerns a three-phase study that I conducted amongst a group of school-going boys and girls in Northern KwaZulu-Natal. The purpose of the study was to conduct a gender-based life building skills programme to expose and sensitise school-going youth to the complexities of gender, sexuality and cultural issues, sex education, the language of sex, rights issues, gender equality and mutual respect, sexual decision-making and HIV prevention. I conducted the first or orientation phase, using a quantitative approach, to determine baseline data prior to conducting the intervention phase of this study. Phase Two was the intervention phase, conducted to collect data during the gender-based skills building intervention programme. Action research is the qualitative research method that guided the intervention programme, involving the youth in a process of gradual change. Phase Three was undertaken using a quantitative approach, to collect data from all the leaners who participated in this study. This phase aimed to evaluate the impact of the intervention programme. The baseline study found that boys demonstrate their manhood by becoming sexually experienced. They do so at an earlier age than females, thus making them more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV infection. The results of this multi-phased study confirmed existing knowledge about gender, sexual risk-taking and HIV transmission and generated some surprising findings. There was an increase in condom use of more than 90% of learners who reported they were sexually active after the intervention. There was an increase in one-partner relationships. After the intervention, girls better understood their sexual rights and were better able to negotiate for condom use with their partners. Gender power imbalances remained but boys understood better that girls had rights. They continued to believe in the importance of being heterosexually active as a key constituent of their masculinity but it appears that they will be more mindful of girls' desires and rights. Recommendations for various stakeholders, collaboration programmes, curriculum issues and for further research have been highlighted.
Youth's experiences in disclosing their HIV positive status in Malawi.
(2009) Chirwa, Mercy Dokiso.; Majeke, Sisana Janet.
Introduction Youth is a group of people which has been greatly affected by HIV epidemic in Malawi. They are vulnerable to HIV infection because they are at a stage where they are beginning sexual exploration. Youth therefore, need a lot of information and support on HIV preventions, and voluntary counseling and testing. They should be encouraged and assisted to disclose their HIV status whether positive or negative for them to access necessary support system. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore youth's experiences in disclosing their HIV positive status Methodology: This is an exploratory study that adopted a qualitative approach utilizing the phenomenological design to explore the experiences of HIV positive participants in disclosing their HIV positive status. The study was conducted in Likuni urban and Nambuma areas in Lilongwe district, Malawi. Ten HIV positive participants five males and five females between the ages 19-25 years were purposively sampled half from each area. A qualitative approach to data collection was done through face to face individual in-depth interviews. All the interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The following are the four major themes that emerged from the findings of the study: factors leading to and hindering HIV positive status disclosure, disclosure of HIV status, experiences of disclosing HIV positive status, consequences of HIV positive status disclosure. These themes are in line with the objectives and the conceptual framework of the study. The findings of the study have shown that disclosure of HIV positive status among HIV positive youth is difficult and still remains a challenge. The study established that the majority of participants disclosed their HIV positive status due to their deteriorating health status. Stigma and discrimination was found to be the major barrier to HIV positive status while the positive consequences which include: psychosocial care, accessing medical services, safer sex practices and positive living with HIV seemed to be more rewarding because it brought some relief in their lives. Conclusion: Stigma and other hindering factors were found to be the major barriers to disclosure. This therefore, necessitates the need for dealing with barriers to disclosure because the benefits of disclosing HIV positive status are rewarding and outweighs the negative consequences. This study has made some recommendations to promote disclosure of HIV positive status among youth through Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, National Youth Council, National AIDS Commissions, the Community and further research.