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Browsing by Author "Menzies, Dick."

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    Substitution of Moxifloxacin for Isoniazid during intensive phase treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
    (American Thoracic Society., 2009) Dorman, Susan E.; Johnson, John L.; Goldberg, Stefan.; Muzanye, Grace.; Padayatchi, Nesri.; Bozeman, Lorna.; Heilig, Charles M.; Bernardo, John.; Choudhri, Shurjeel.; Grosset, Jacques H.; Guy, Elizabeth.; Guyadeen, Priya.; Leus, Maria Corazon.; Maltas, Gina.; Menzies, Dick.; Nuermberger, Eric L.; Villarino, Margarita.; Vernon, Andrew.; Chaisson, Richard E.
    Rationale: Moxifloxacin has potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in a mouse model of antituberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, but data regarding its activity in humans are limited. Objectives: Our objective was to compare the antimicrobial activity and safety of moxifloxacin versus isoniazid during the first 8 weeks of combination therapy for pulmonary TB. Methods: Adults with sputum smear–positive pulmonary TB were randomly assigned to receive either moxifloxacin 400 mg plus isoniazid placebo, or isoniazid 300 mg plus moxifloxacin placebo, administered 5 days/week for 8 weeks, in addition to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. All doses were directly observed. Sputum was collected for culture every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was negative sputum culture at completion of 8 weeks of treatment. Measurements and Main Results: Of 433 participants enrolled, 328 were eligible for the primary efficacy analysis. Of these, 35 (11%) were HIV positive, 248 (76%) had cavitation on baseline chest radiograph, and 213 (65%) were enrolled at African sites. Negative cultures at Week 8 were observed in 90/164 (54.9%) participants in the isoniazid arm, and 99/164 (60.4%) in the moxifloxacin arm (P=0.37). In multivariate analysis, cavitation and enrollment at an African site were associated with lower likelihood of Week-8 culture negativity. The proportion of participants who discontinued assigned treatment was 31/214 (14.5%) for the moxifloxacin group versus 22/205 (10.7%) for the isoniazid group (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.81, 2.25).Conclusions: Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid resulted in a small but statistically nonsignificant increase in Week-8 culture negativity.
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    Treatment and outcomes in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.
    (Public Library of Science., 2018) Harausz, Elizabeth P.; Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.; Law, Stephanie.; Schaaf, H. Simon.; Kredo, Tamara.; Seddon, James A.; Menzies, Dick.; Turkova, Anna.; Achar, Jay.; Amanullah, Farhana.; Barry, Pennan.; Becerra, Mercedes.; Chan, Edward D.; Chan, Pei Chun.; Ioana Chiotan, Domnica.; Crossa, Aldo.; Drobac, Peter C.; Lee, Fairlie.; Falzon, Dennis.; Flood, Jennifer.; Gegia, Medea.; Hicks, Robert M.; Isaakidis, Petros.; Kadri, S. M.; Kampmann, Beate.; Madhi, Shabir A.; Marais, Else.; Mariandyshev, Andrei.; Méndez-Echevarría, Ana.; Moore, Brittany Kathryn.; Nargiza, Parpieva.; Ozere, Iveta.; Padayatchi, Nesri.; Ur-Rehman, Saleem.; Rybak, Natasha.; Santiago-Garcia, Begoña.; Shah, N. Sarita.; Sharma, Sangeeta.; Shim, Tae Sun.; Skrahina, Alena.; Soriano-Arandes, Antoni.; Van den Boom, Martin.; Van der Werf, Marieke J.; Van der Werf, Tjip S.; Williams, Bhanu.; Yablokova, Elena.; Yim, Jae-Joon.; Furin, Jennifer.; Hesseling, Anneke C.
    Abstract available in pdf.