Browsing by Author "Naidoo, Joanne Rachel."

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An exploratory descriptive study on the perceived levels of stigma and disclosure patterns among women living with HIV and AIDS in a selected hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
(2017) Mdluli, Lucia Bonisiwe Sinegugu.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Aim: The aim of this study is to explore and describe the perceived levels of HIV related stigma and disclosure patterns among women living with HIV and AIDS. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to explore and describe the perceived levels of stigma and disclosure patterns among women, the inter-relationship between demographic variables and perceived levels of stigma, the inter-relationship between demographic and disclosure patterns and the inter-relationship between perceived patterns of disclosure and perceived stigma levels. Method: A quantitative explorative ,descriptive study design was used for the study. Purposive Sampling was used by the researcher to select a sample of women who were attending a clinic within a selected hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. A self-reported questionnaire was administered to a sample of 90 women, all of which were completed andreturned.The data obtained from the questionnaire was analysed using SPSSversionfrom SPSS Survival Manual Fourth edition, 2011. Descriptive and non-parametric testing was used to show levels of perceived stigma, disclosure patterns and inter-relationships between demographic variables and perceived HIV related stigma and disclosure patterns. Results: The results showed that the majority of the participants had perceived low stigma levels and the majority disclose their status. Item one (1) where 12% have not disclosed their status to family. Item six (6), 43.3% feel that they do not have to keep their status a secret. Item eight (8), 33.3% agreed that they never felt ashamed of HIV and item nine (9), 42.2% disagreed that people with HIV are treated as out casts. There was a weak correlation between the age of the participants and stigma, and there was a positive weak relationship (r=0.086) between age and disclosure. There was a positive weak correlation between disclosure and stigma (r=0.18+p=0.1). Key words: HIV related stigma, HIV related disclosure, women living with HIV.
Exploring HIV related stigma experienced by women enrolled in the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Ethekwini, KwaZulu-Natal : a descriptive phenomenological study.
(2011) Luvuno, Zamasomi Prudence Busisiwe.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
The purpose of this Qualitative study was to explore HIV related stigma experienced by women enrolled in the Prevention of Mother to Child (PMTCT) prgramme in the EThekwini District, Kwazulu Natal. Descriptriptive phenomenology informed the study design, data collection and analysis. Despite increasing access to Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission initiatives, including anti-retroviral drugs, the Stigma of being HIV positive, particularly for women, largely outweigh the potential gains from available treatments. HIV/AIDS related stigma drives the epidemic underground and is one of the main reasons that people do not wish to know their HIV status Purposeful sampling was used to select seven women attending PMTCT programme in the EThekwini District. These women were selected in four clinics in the District. Data was collected through in-depth interviews lasting about 45 minutes to an hour. These interviews were tape recorded and later transcribed to aid analysis. The Colaizzi method of data analysis was utilized. Four themes emerge from the data, each with three to eight subthemes confirming the experiences and presence of stigma during programme participation. All participants reported incidence of being stigmatized, particularly in the Health care setting. They took great strides to keep their HIV status confidential to a point of going against programme directives to ensure secrecy of their status thus avoid HIV related stigma. Number of recommendations were made in relation to the PMTCT programme and if accepted will assist in mitigating stigma in HIV related stigma in the PMTCT progarmme and thus reduce vertical transmission.
Exploring male partner involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal .
(2013) Phiri, Tamara.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
KwaZulu-Natal is the province worst affected by the disease burden of HIV and AIDS with 38.7% of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) testing positive for HIV in 2008 (South Africa National Department of Health, 2008; Horwood et al, 2010). The lack of male partner involvement has been recognized as a contributing factor to poor programme adherence by women initiated into the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programme in South Africa (Peltzer et al, 2011a). Increasing male partner involvement in the services, therefore, has been acknowledged as one of the strategies that may have an impact in the success of the programme (DOH, 2008; Peltzer et al., 2011a; Reece et al, 2010; Vika et al, 2010) This study aimed to explore and describe male partner involvement in PMTCT services in a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Five areas were investigated: demographic factors; knowledge; socio-cultural factors; programmatic factors; and the interrelationship between demographic factors, knowledge, socio-cultural factors and programmatic factors on male involvement in PMTCT. A quantitative exploratory descriptive design was conducted in November 2012 at a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Questionnaires were issued to 90 men. The study revealed some association between certain variables of interest and male involvement. The study recommended that PMTCT programmes need to boost their awareness strategies as a means of increasing male involvement in the services.
Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, skills and preparedness of nurses on the integration of mental health care into HIV/AIDS services in the Ethekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal
(2014) Cele, Winnie Baphumelele.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Aim: This study aim was to explore and describe the level of knowledge, attitudes, skills and preparedness of nurses regarding integration of mental health care into HIV/AIDS services. Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health problem worldwide and in the sub-Saharan region in particular. Literature has shown a relationship between mental health problems and HIV/AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and mental health problems (MHP) are not cared for appropriately by nurses competent to deal with mental health disorders when attending HIV/AIDS services. Methodology: The research study was based on a positivist paradigm and a quantitative descriptive study and explorative design were adopted in this study. As a result, data was collected through a structured questionnaire. One hundred and twenty four nurses were randomly sampled from different HIV/AIDS services and Primary Health Care centres. Findings: The study found that nurses have different perceptions about their provision of mental health care to PLWHA. Most nurses reported positive perceptions about caring for PLWHA who have MHP in general settings although some had negative perceptions. It was found that some nurses would be willing to learn on how to care for PLWHA who have MHP if they get in-service education and support from mental health care specialists. Lack of knowledge, skills and preparedness was identified due to lack of support from the mental health care specialists and lack of basic education and training. This reduced nurses’ ability and willingness to care for these people. Conclusion: Basic education and training, continuous in-service education and support from mental health care specialists will result in more willing, knowledgeable and skilled nurses when caring for PLWHA and MHP.
Exploring the lived experiences of midwives regarding the Kangaroo Mother Care initiative at a selected tertiary level hospital in the eThekwini District.
(2011) Curran, Robyn Leigh.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
As intensive care of preterm infants and high-risk infants has evolved, the practice of close physical contact between parents and their infants has been curtailed, with the separation of mothers and their infants more the norm than the exception (Browne, 2004). However, in the past two decades, the physiologic and socio-emotional benefits of close physical contact between parents and their high-risk infants has been revisited, with the practice of Kangaroo Mother Care (skin-to-skin contact) dramatically increasing in neonatal care units worldwide (Browne, 2004). Although research on Kangaroo Mother Care’s effects is plentiful, literature reveals gaps in the research pertaining to the experiences of midwives and nurses in its practice (Chia, 2006 & De Hollanda, 2008). As the role of midwives/nurses has been identified as crucial for Kangaroo Mother Care practice, this gap was recognised, and impelled this research study to be conducted in order to further extend the practice of KMC for its benefits to infants and their families. Due to current staff shortages and poorly resourced neonatal facilities in our local hospitals, local data on midwives’ experiences of Kangaroo Mother Care was perceived to be a vital first step in exploring these experiences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of midwives regarding the Kangaroo Mother Care initiative at a selected tertiary level hospital in the Ethekwini District. Interpretive phenomenology informed this study design, data collection and analysis. As Kangaroo Mother Care is a complex phenomenon, an interpretive paradigm allowed the researcher to access the meaning of participants’ experiences as opposed to explaining their predicted behaviour. Purposive sampling was used by the researcher to select the eight midwives working in the tertiary hospital in the Ethekwini District. The midwives were selected from the neonatal unit during August 2011. Data was collected through a single in-depth interview with each participant in the neonatal unit. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim to facilitate analysis. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis and representation was utilised. Eleven themes emerged from the analysis of the data. Themes were aligned to the research objectives and included the participants’ experiences of conceptualisations, experiences, hindering and facilitating factors of Kangaroo Mother Care. Conceptualisations were aggregated into two themes pertaining to a physiological concept of KMC and an emotive concept of KMC. The physiological concept regarded the catalytic action of KMC as a promotive agent in health through its effect in increasing average weight gain. Furthermore, KMC was seen as a protective agent in reducing cross-infection and hypothermia. These findings aligned with findings from authors in the literature review. An emotive concept of KMC was revealed by the participants’ input regarding the effect of the skin-to-skin contact in facilitating maternal-infant attachment through bonding. This study finding is supported by current literature. Lived experiences emerged regarding the theme of KMC in maternal instinct and capability, which findings encompassed increased maternal confidence and competence with which several authors concurred. Factors considered as hindering KMC included five themes which emerged as maternal concerns, increased work-load, lack of training, management support and resource scarcity. Contrary to these, facilitators of KMC included the need for motivation and education as well as the provision of a comfortable environment conducive to the practice of Kangaroo Mother Care. A number of recommendations for nursing practice, nursing education, communities and research based on the findings from the study were made available to relevant stakeholders. If implemented effectively, these recommendations may assist in the continued and increasing practice of KMC; resulting in its beneficial effects changing infants’ and families’ lives.
Exploring the perceptions of registered nurses towards evidenced-based practice in General Hospital Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
(2014) Aliyu, Adamu.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of registered nurses towards evidenced-based practice. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to explore and describe registered nurses‟ perceived levels of knowledge, perceived attitudes towards, perceived application and perceived barriers to evidence-based practice. Method: A quantitative descriptive design was used for the study. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample of 150 registered nurses working in General Hospital Minna, Niger state Nigeria. Questionnaires (150) were administered to the sample, of which 133 were returned. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS, Version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise and describe the characteristics of the respondents, while correlation analysis and T-tests (inferential statistics) were used to establish the relationships of the study variables and the respondents‟ demographic characteristics. Results: The results showed that the respondents had positive perceived knowledge, attitude and practice of EBP. It also showed that inability to understand statistical terms used in research articles rated the highest perceived barrier to EBP (61.7%, n=82). There was a weak positive correlation between the age of the respondents and their knowledge of EBP, a positive correlation between age and the attitudes of the respondents and a negative correlation between the age of the respondents and their perceived practice of EBP. The results also showed that there was a negative correlation between level of knowledge and level of education, a negative correlation between nurses‟ attitudes and level of education as well as a mild positive correlation between level of education and EBP. However, there was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and years of experience, a weak negative correlation between attitude of registered nurses and their years of practice and a positive, correlation between years of practice as a registered nurses and practice of EBP. The mean knowledge of junior and senior nurses revealed a significant difference. Conclusion: Although the registered nurses expressed positive perception of EBP, certain barriers hindered their adoption. It is therefore necessary for the hospital management to design training programmes and provide the needed facilities to facilitate full adoption of EBP by nurses.
Exploring the perceptions of the heads of private nursing education institutions on the accreditation process of the Nursing Education and Training Quality Assurance Body (ETQA) in the eThekwini District of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2013) Shelembe, Thobile Namsile Vina.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Nursing throughout the world is striving for international competitiveness and accountability for effectiveness and trust to the students, patients and the community they serve, thus making the issue of accreditation increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of the heads of private nursing education institutions on accreditation process by nursing education and training quality assurance body at eThekwini district. Reviewed literature has revealed that the South African Government has facilitated and encouraged the establishment of quality assurance through the South African Qualifications Authority Act, the National Qualifications Framework Act (NQF) and the Nursing Act. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with each of the heads of the seven selected private nursing education institutions. Qualitative content analysis using an editing style was performed in this study. Findings of this study revealed that nursing education institutions lack their own internal quality assessment processes as quality of teaching and learning depends on the interaction between the teacher and the students, the collective integrity as well as the professionals in the nursing education institution. Recommendations focused on periodic internal self-assessment as a vehicle to promote the culture of institutional internal self-assessment practices, as quality is seen as logical approach for conveying the importance of excellence to individuals who are nursing care recipients. Reports from the internal review should be provided by the institution to the external evaluation team prior to the external evaluators visit.
A grounded theory inquiry: establishing communities of practice among Hiv/Aids nurse practitioners through the use of critical reflection at selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal.
(2011) Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.; Mtshali, Ntombifikile Gloria.
Introduction: Nurse practitioners in South Africa are challenged daily to provide comprehensive care under resource constrained conditions while at the same time trying to cope with the changes and care strategies related to HIV/Aids. The use of critical reflection within a shared learning space fostered by Communities of Practice is a plausible strategy to support ongoing meaningful learning that can support nurse practitioners to deal with the challenges related to the dynamic nature of HIV/Aids. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to analyze the processes of developing critical reflective skills and establishing Communities of Practice among a sample of nurse practitioners working in the field of HIV/Aids and to develop a middle range theory which explains the process of establishing Communities of Practice (CoP) among HIV/Aids nurse practitioners grounded in critical reflection. Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, a grounded theory design guided by Strauss and Corbin (1990) was used. Two district level hospitals from the province of KwaZulu-Natal, was sampled, within which a group of nurse practitioners working in the discipline of maternal and child health was sampled. Data collection was progressive over a period of seven months. The use of focus group discussion, in-depth individual interviews, reflective journals and researcher observation was used to elicit the data. Concurrent with data collection, open axial and selective coding was used to make sense of the data. Results: The results of this study revealed that there are a number of causal conditions which relates to the need for establishing a CoP and that the process of establishing a CoP requires engagement with the relevant stakeholders and members of the group. Three phases characterized the process of participants becoming critically reflective and a fully functional CoP. The concept of a CoP for HIV/Aids nurse practitioners is made up of core characteristics namely that it is an organic practice space, it promotes flexibility in learning, it is a support network where collaborative purpose driven working occurs and that it promotes learning on demand to name a few. There were also a number of intervening conditions which influenced the process of establishing the CoP and the findings of this study led to the emergence of a middle range theory which is both process and outcomes focused. This theory and its related model, demonstrates that establishing a CoP for HIV/Aids nurse practitioners occurs within a context and is made up of six major concepts namely (i) Context; (ii) Group Formation; (iii) CoP Establishment Process; (iv) Fully Functional CoP; (v) Outcomes; (vi) Sustainability and Continuity, and several sub-concepts. Conclusion and Recommendation: The recommendations of this study were classified into areas of practice, education and research, with regard to the usability of this theory in encouraging a transformed way of nursing aimed at improving nursing practice. In summary, this research lends insight into the complex challenges of nursing in a dynamic context of HIV/Aids. It further demonstrated that one of the overall outcomes was engagement in evidence informed practice and knowledge stewarding in HIV/Aids knowledge generation. Keywords: Communities of Practice (CoP); HIV/Aids Nurse Practitioners; Critical Reflection; Transformation; Knowledge Generation; Process; Outcomes.
The influence of intrapersonal characteristics of individual nurses on their work performance : a predictive correlational study in a selected province in South Africa.
(2015) Geyer, Nelouise-Marié.; Uys, Leana Ria.; Coetzee, S. K.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Background Conflicting reports on the quality of nursing care highlighted the need to understand the influence of nurses’ intrapersonal characteristics on their work performance and caring behaviours. Aim The aim of the research was to describe the influence of selected intrapersonal characteristics of individual nurses’ on their work performance and caring behaviours. Objectives The research questions of the study were 1) What is the distribution and influence of demographic variables on nurses’ work performance and patients’ perceptions of caring behaviours? 2) What is the distribution of selected intrapersonal characteristics among nurses working in clinical settings in hospitals? 3) What is the self-assessment of their work performance by nurses working in clinical settings in hospitals’? 4) How do patients perceive the caring behaviours of nurses in clinical settings in hospitals? 5) Is there a relationship between nurses' intrapersonal characteristics and their self-assessment of work performance and caring behaviours of nurses as perceived by patients? 6) What model can be developed to test the influence of selected intrapersonal characteristics on work performance and caring behaviours of nurses? 7) What predictions can be made about the relationship between intrapersonal characteristics with the work performance and caring behaviours of nurses? Method A quantitative, cross-sectional survey, predictive, correlation model-testing design with multi-layered and stratified sampling was used. The population was professional nurses and patients in medical and surgical wards in public and private hospitals. A questionnaire including the 6-DSNP, NPVS-R, STEM, CSES, EQ-short and the Kanungo Job Involvement instruments was completed by nurses. Patients completed the CBI instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated. Results The professional values of nurses were the only selected intrapersonal characteristic with a statistically significant positive relationship with nurses’ work performance and caring behaviours. While some of the other selected intrapersonal characteristics had statistically significant relationships, effect sizes were small, making them not of practical importance. If nurses have high professional values (NPVS-R), NPVS-R as predictor for work performance (6-DNSP) is two to three times that of any other predictor that can be added to the equation at the 10% level of significance. Conclusion and Recommendations Professional values influence the work performance and caring behaviours of nurses. Recommendations are provided for individual nurses, practice, education, management and research.
The outcomes of implementing the Department of Health mental health clinical guidelines for the management of psychiatric patients at primary health care clinics.
(2015) Dube, Faith Nana.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Background: The South African (SA) government recognizes that the first step towards improving mental health and wellbeing of the people is to develop effective guidelines .After guidelines have been developed, there is a need for transferring them to the implementing settings. It has been noted that mental health guidelines are important tools for enhancing framework of the mental health system. Objectives: The objectives for the study were: (1) To analyse the process inherent in the implementation of the guidelines in PHC settings in KZN based on action research; (2) To analyze the awareness, knowledge, perceptions and implementation practices of Primary Health Care Nurses of the treatment guidelines for common mental health conditions in their primary health care practice; and (3) To evaluate the readiness for a change management programme for the sustainable implementation of appropriate clinical guidelines in selected primary health care practice contexts. Method: A survey was conducted amongst nurses working in PHC clinics in order to determine the outcomes of implementing the Department of Health mental health clinical guidelines for the management of psychiatric patients at primary health care clinics. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Results: The study found that quality of care was compromised when the implementation of a mental health policy was flawed in all seven major implementation themes. Services for psychiatric patients were only available daily in four of the sites (66.7%). Patients attending the other two sites (33.3%) were seen by a psychiatrically trained nurse on a dedicated day once a month. PHC nurse’s attitudes and beliefs toward people with mental illness were positive, but did not have adequate knowledge to manage psychiatric patients. Conclusion: The identified a number of gaps in the implementation of Standard Treatment Guidelines for Common Mental Health conditions in primary health care settings as an example of the policy implementation process in rural areas.
A retrospective clinical chart review study on the core PMTCT activities at a regional hospital in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal .
(2011) Ngidi, Wilbroda Hlolisile.; Naidoo, Joanne Rachel.
Background: Despite years of implementation, the program for PMTCT is not reaching the HIV positive pregnant women. Poor documentation as well as poor monitoring and evaluation for the program has contributed to the poor performance. This has led to South Africa being one of the 12 countries in the world with an increasing child mortality rate which is related to HIV/AIDS. Multi-steps and the complexity of the program and poor documentation have resulted in gaps in the provision of care. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the documentation of the core activities of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV program provided to pregnant women from antenatal, maternity and post-natal care at a selected Regional hospital in Ethekwini District. Methods: A non-experimental retrospective descriptive exploratory design informs the study. Provides a description of whether the activities of PMTCT are perfomed through the use of documented activities on patient’s charts. A data extraction tool was used to extract information, with the demographic information as well as the key activities of PMTCT. One hundred and thirty charts of women who had delivered in the hospital of study were sampled. Results: The study revealed gaps in the documentation of some activities, with dual therapy initiated at antenatal clinic documented to be n=98(75%), whilst NVP to the baby was 105/130 (80%). The results are in contrast with Horwood’s (2010) study which reported 91% receiving the Nevirapine prophylaxis. Although there are children missed by the program, it is interesting to note that more babies are receiving prophylaxis compared to women receiving NVP. The cd4 count, n=78(60%) uptake, seems not to be doing well, with only n=45(35%) , which is supported by Horwood’s (2010) study that showed much improvement in the cd4 uptake (70%) compared to the study results of 60%, but less cd4 results documented were reported by Horwood (2010), showing 33% respectively. Conclusion: The National strategic Plan’s (SADOH, 2007- 2011/2013) for South Africa, as well as the global Millennium Development Goals can only be achieved if all the activities for the PMTCT are improved. Documentation of activities remains the key to improved care.