Browsing by Author "Ofek, Gilad."

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Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization.
(American Association for the Advancement of Science., 2012) Georgiev, Ivelin S.; Doria-Rose, Nicole A.; Zhou, Tongqing.; Do Kwon, Young.; Staupe, Ryan P.; Moquin, Stephanie.; Chuang, Gwo-Yu.; Louder, Mark K.; Schmidt, Stefan.; Altae-Tran, Han R.; Bailer, Robert T.; McKee, Krisha.; Nason, Martha.; O'Dell, Sijy.; Ofek, Gilad.; Pancera, Marie.; Srivatsan, Sanjay.; Shapiro, Lawrence.; Connors, Mark.; Migueles, Stephen A.; Morris, Lynn.; Nishimura, Yoshiaki.; Martin, Malcolm A.; Mascola, John R.; Kwong, Peter D.
Serum characterization and antibody isolation are transforming our understanding of the humoral immune response to viral infection. Here, we show that epitope specificities of HIV-1–neutralizing antibodies in serum can be elucidated from the serum pattern of neutralization against a diverse panel of HIV-1 isolates. We determined “neutralization fingerprints” for 30 neutralizing antibodies on a panel of 34 diverse HIV-1 strains and showed that similarity in neutralization fingerprint correlated with similarity in epitope. We used these fingerprints to delineate specificities of polyclonal sera from 24 HIV-1–infected donors and a chimeric siman-human immunodeficiency virus–infected macaque. Delineated specificities matched published specificities and were further confirmed by antibody isolation for two sera. Patterns of virus-isolate neutralization can thus afford a detailed epitope-specific understanding of neutralizing-antibody responses to viral infection.
Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma.
(American Association for the Advancement of Science., 2017) Williams, LaTonya D.; Ofek, Gilad.; Schätzle, Sebastian.; McDaniel, Jonathan R.; Lu, Xiaozhi.; Nicely, Nathan I.; Wu, Liming; Lougheed, Caleb S.; Bradley, Todd.; Louder, Mark K.; McKee, Krisha.; Bailer, Robert T.; O’Dell, Sijy.; Georgiev, Ivelin S.; Seaman, Michael S.; Parks, Robert J.; Marshall, Dawn J.; Anasti, Kara.; Yang, Guang.; Nie, Xiaoyan.; Tumba, Nancy Lola.; Wiehe, Kevin.; Wagh, Kshitij.; Korber, Bette T. M.; Kepler, Thomas B.; Alam, Shabnam Munir.; Morris, Lynn.; Kamanga, Gift.; Cohen, Myron S.; Bonsignori, Mattia.; Xia, Shi-Mao.; Montefiori, David Charles.; Kelsoe, Garnett.; Gao, Feng.; Mascola, John R.; Moody, Michael Anthony.; Saunders, Kevin O.; Liao, Hua-Xin.; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Georgiou, George.; Haynes, Barton F.
Abstract available in pdf.
Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env.
(Macmillan Publishers Limited., 2014) Pancera, Marie.; Zhou, Tongqing.; Druz, Aliaksandr.; Georgiev, Ivelin S.; Soto, Cinque.; Gorman, Jason.; Huang, Jinghe.; Acharya, Priyamvada.; Chuang, Gwo-Yu.; Ofek, Gilad.; Stewart-Jones, Guillaume B. E.; Stuckey, Jonathan.; Bailer, Robert T.; Joyce, M. Gordon.; Louder, Mark K.; Tumba, Nancy Lola.; Yang, Yongping.; Zhang, Baoshan.; Cohen, Myron S.; Haynes, Barton F.; Mascola, John R.; Morris, Lynn.; Munro, James B.; Blanchard, Scott C.; Mothes, Walther.; Connors, Mark.; Kwong, Peter D.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) spike, comprising three gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by rearranging from a mature unliganded state, through receptor-bound intermediates, to a post-fusion state. As the sole viral antigen on the HIV-1 virion surface, Env is both the target of neutralizing antibodies and a focus of vaccine efforts. Here we report the structure at 3.5 Å resolution for an HIV-1 Env trimer captured in a mature closed state by antibodies PGT122 and 35O22. This structure reveals the pre-fusion conformation of gp41, indicates rearrangements needed for fusion activation, and defines parameters of immune evasion and immune recognition. Pre-fusion gp41 encircles amino- and carboxy-terminal strands of gp120 with four helices that form a membrane-proximal collar, fastened by insertion of a fusion peptide-proximal methionine into a gp41-tryptophan clasp. Spike rearrangements required for entry involve opening the clasp and expelling the termini. N-linked glycosylation and sequence-variable regions cover the pre-fusion closed spike; we used chronic cohorts to map the prevalence and location of effective HIV-1-neutralizing responses, which were distinguished by their recognition of N-linked glycan and tolerance for epitope-sequence variation.