School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics
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Item A critical discernment of the image of God amongst the Black, urban, isiXhosa speaking Catholics within the Catholic Archdiocese of Cape Town, in relation to other sources of sacred power, in a context of on-going change = Ukwahlulelwa okunzulu ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu kubantu abansundu , emadolobheni , abangamaXhosa bengamaKhatholika ase-Archdiocese eKapa , kuqhathaniswa namandla angcwele , ezimeni eziguqukayo.(2024) Goldie, Pierre.; Decock, Paul Bernard.With view to a deeper appreciation of how the Xhosa Catholics within the Archdiocese of Cape Town have assimilated Catholicism, the thesis delimits this compound objective to the way in which the image of God has been appropriated by the urban amaXhosa, in relation to other sources of sacred power, a manageable scope for this paper. Pauw (1975) presents research on how the Xhosa have adopted Christianity, assisted by a substantial team of research assistants. Some Catholic researchers have contributed to religious-cultural analyses of indigenous Catholics in South Africa, but there is a research deficiency within the Cape Town environs due in part to the relatively smaller proportion of Black Catholics within this Archdiocese. These numbers have grown substantially with on-going migration from country to city. A qualitative questionnaire has been utilised as part of an interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the image of God held by the Xhosa Catholics supplemented with a comprehensive literature review. The research discovers that there are a range of contenders for sacred power with which to cope with existential issues, not only ‘God’. Also, God exists no longer as a distant, awesome deity, represented as such in African Tradition. He now dominates the religious consciousness of the people. The ancestors have been displaced from their formerly dominant role but are still perceived as significant dispensers of sacred power. Christ’s image as God is overshadowed and he does not appear to command a pre-eminent, authoritative relationship with the congregants. The ancestors generally invite more deliberation than Christ. This depreciation of the Christ image critically undermines the Easter mystery, for the Catholic Church the pivotal episode of revelation. Catholic parishioners also patronise other sources of sacred power. The research results generally concur with literature, concluding that the qualitative impact of Christianity is found wanting. Lack of cultural awareness, and imperfect evangelization account for the partial realization of Christian mission. The Holy Spirit too has only been partially appropriated. Results highlight a significant Christological shortcoming, even crisis. Tlhagale (2018) adjudicates indigenous Christians to be closer to ATR than to Christianity. Strategies are proposed to address the challenges. Iqoqa. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izindlela okubukwa ngayo umfanekiso kaNkulunkulu ngamaKresto angamaKhatholika angamaXhosa asemadolobheni eKapa, eDayosini enkulu yamaKhatholoka eKapa, kuqhathaniswa namandla angcwele. UPauw (1975), ethula ucwaningo ngamaXhosa aguqukele kubuKrestu, elekelelwa yiqembu thizeni, waveza ukuthi kunenkolo embaxambili yamaXhosa angamaKrestu, lenkolo bayibiza ngobuKresto kanye neNkolo Yendabuko Yama-Afrikha (ATR). Abanye abacwaningi BobuKhatholika balwenzile ucwaningo olufuze lolu nokuhlaziywa kwalo eNingizimu Afrikha, kepha kuncane okwenziwe eKapa okuveza ukadebona oqhubekayo kumaXhosa. Kulolu cwaningo kusebenze inhlololwazi yekhwalithethivu njengengxenye yokuhlaziya umfanekiso kaNkulunkulu oyinkolelo yamaKhatholika angamaXhosa. Lokhu kube sekusetshenziswa kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okunzulu. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kunokuphikisana okusabalele ngenkolelo yamandla angcwele, ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, okuphikisanayo nezinto ezikhona. Kuphinde-futhi, kuvele nokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho kude, nezimangaliso zobungcwele, njengalokhu kuvezwa kwi-ATR. Lobungcwele buyabusa enkolweni nakunembeza wabantu. Amadlozi akusakholelwa kuwona njengabangcwele kubantu, kepha asenayo indawo enkolweni. Umfanekiso kaKhritu njengoNkulnkulu uyacindezeleka futhi awubukeki unamandla, awuseyikho konke. Amadlozi sekukholelwa kuwo kakhulu kunoKhristu. Umoya Oyingcwele wamukelwa ngokuyingxenye, kanti eminye imimoya engcwele ivuselelekile. Imiphumela yocwaningo ihambisene nemibhalo. Ngenkoleloze yobuKhatholika, ukwehla kwenkolelo kwumfanekiso kaKhristu kudambisa inkolelo yokufa nokuvuka (Cross and Resurrection of Christ), ngokwenkolo yobuKhatholika enesiqephu somlando wensindiso, kanye nobudlelwano noKhristu. Ukungaqini kahle kwesu lamamishini amaKhatholika kungaba imbangela yokushaya kwayo indiva amasiko esintu. Lokhu-ke kube sekubizwa ngenhlekelele ngu-Archbishop Tlhagale (2018). Ukholwa ukuthi amaKhristu angabobomdabu base-Afrikha basondelene ne-ATR kunenobuKhristu. Lolu cwaningo luphetha ngokuphakamisa amasu okubhekana nalezi zinselelo zama mishinari.Item Homophobic hatred and violence in Pietermaritzburg: drawing on faith to establish counter communities of care for black Izitabane women.(2024) Makhaye, Nandi Michelle.; Van Der Walt, Charlene.The challenges faced by black Izitabane women, especially in relation to their sexual orientation and their religious beliefs, are significant. The compatibility of Ubutabane and Christianity has been a topic of debate, with some Christians advocating for coexistence while others view it as contradictory to core Christian principles. Black Izitabane women often experience marginalization and discrimination in various aspects of society. This autoethnographic research, which drew on queer theology and used a qualitative approach, aimed to explore the individual experiences, perspectives, and beliefs of nine black Izitabane women regarding their sexuality and faith. All participants identified as Isitabane and considered themselves devout Christians. The study used purposive sampling to select and invite participants and gathered data through a focus group discussion and individual interviews focusing mainly on the faith, violence, culture, and sexual experiences of black Izitabane women in Pietermaritzburg. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the women who were part of this exploration perceived the church as unwelcoming and fellow Christians as judgmental. They faced rejection and isolation in the very place where they expected to be supported. The study suggests that, in post-apartheid South Africa, the church should take a proactive role in advocating for social justice and combatting homophobic hatred and violence, which continues to marginalize black Izitabane women.