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Doctoral Degrees (Medicine)

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Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Medicine) by Subject "Anhedonia."

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    Differential effects of early life stress and schizophrenia on the development of impulse control disorder = Imiphumela ehlukene yengcindezi yempilo engasekuqaleni kanye nokusangana ekuthuthukiseni ukulawula isifo esivumbuka kungahlelekile.
    (2024) Oginga, Fredrick.; Mpofana, Thabisile.
    Background: Early life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia, have profound effect on neurobiological and behavioral outcomes in later life. While previous studies in human have explored the individual effects of ELS and parental schizophrenia (PSZ), this study investigates their interactive effects. Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of ELS and schizophrenia like symptoms on locomotion, anxiety and depressive like behavior, spatial memory, social interaction and neuro-inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, Ketamine to induce schizophrenia like symptoms (KSZ), and ELS + KSZ. ELS was induced through prenatal stress and maternal separation (MS), while schizophrenia-like behaviour was induced by ketamine administration (KSZ). Ketamine was administered intraperitoneal to the dams, while subcutaneous to the pups as per previously published studies. Behavioral assay, including open field, Morris water maze, social interaction behaviour, and sucrose preference test, was conducted. Neuro-inflammation was through quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytes density and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: ELS and KSZ on dams exhibited enduring effects on particularly psychomotor retardation (p < 0.05). Anxiety and depressive like behavior was elevated in the ELS (p = 0.023) and KSZ on dams (p =0.017) groups compared to controls. The combined ELS and KSZ groups showed the highest anxiety and depressive like outcomes (p = 0.006). Additionally, spatial memory and cognitive impairment in pups were observed due to the combined impact of ELS and KSZ, which was associated with a decrease in astrocyte density and dysregulation of neuro-inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the interactive effects of ELS and KSZ on behavior, neurodevelopment, and neuro-inflammation in rats. Both ELS and KSZ in parents were linked to anhedonia, subsequently anxiety-like behavior, and ultimately psychomotor, spatial memory, and cognitive decline in rats. Positive parenting was associated with astrocyte regeneration (p < 0.05) and cognitive improvement. Understanding these complex interactions provides insights into the challenges associated with these stressors and offers potential therapeutic avenues. Iqoqa. Isendlalelo: ingcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nobuzali ekuziphatheni kwesifo sengqondo, njengokusangana, kuba nomphumela omkhulu ohlelwenimizwa kanye nemiphumela yokuziphatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empilweni. Izifundo ezedlule ngomuntu ziyiphenyile imiphumela ngomuntu mayelana nengcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nobuzali ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo (PSZ). Lolu cwaningo luphenya imiphumela ethelelanayo. Izinhloso: lolu cwaningo luhlose ngokubanzi ukucwaninga imiphumela yengcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nokusangana njengezimpawu zokudlathuzela, ixhala kanye nokuziphatha okunobukhwantalala, ukugcinwa kolwazi engqondweni, ukuphilisana ngokwenhlalo kanye nokuvuvukala kwemizwa yengqondo ngokukaSprague-Dawley emagundaneni. Izindlelakwenza: imidlwane yenduna neyensikazi kaSprague-Dawley yakhethwa ngokungahlelekile yanikezwa amaqoqa ayisishiyagalombili: ukulawulwa, i-ELS, Ketamine ukulandela ukusangana njengezimpawu i-KSZ, kanye ne-ELS+KSZ. I-ELS yalandelwa ngokwengcindezi engaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokumitha nokuhlukaniswa nonina (MS), ngesikhathi ukuziphatha okusakusangana kwalandelwa ukusetshenziswa kweketamine (KSZ). Iketamine yafakwa ngaphakathi ontwentwesini lwenxasisu yemidlwane esemadamini, ngesikhathi futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba semidlwane njengokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe ngokwedlule. Ukuziphatha ngokuhlola ingqondo, kufaka insimu evulekile, amanzi amazombe ngokukaMorris, ukuziphatha ngokwenhlalo, kanye nesivivinyo esikhethekile sikashukela, kwenziwa. Ukuvuvukala kwaba ngenxa yequantification yeglial fibrillary yensiza zakhamzimba nokugqishelana kwe-astrocytes kanye nokuvuvukala kwebiomarkers. Imiphumela: Ixhala kanye nengcindezi njengokuziphatha kwaphakanyiswa kuyo i-ELS (p=0.023) and KSZ emadamini (p=0.017) yamaqoqo yaqhathaniswa nabaqashelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ELS kanye neKSZ kwatshengisa ixhala elikhulu kanye nengcindezi njengemiphumela (p=0.006). Ngokunezezela, isikhala ngokukhumbula kanye nokulimaza umqondo kwafakelwa izibuko ngenxa yokuhlangana kwesisindo se-ELS kanye neKSZ, okumataniswa nekwehla kwesisindo se-astrocyte kanye nokungalawulwa kwezinkomba zokuvuvukala ngokomqondo (p<0,05). Isiphetho: lolu cwaningo lugqamisa imiphumela ethelelanayo ye-ELS kanye ne-KSZ ekuziphatheni, ukuthuthuka ngokwasengqondo, nokuvuvukala kwengqondo emagundaneni. Kokubili i-ELS kanye ne-KSZ kubazali kwaxhunyaniswa ne-anhedonia, kwalandela ukuziphatha okusaxhala, kwasekuthi ekugcineni ubudlelwanokusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba, ukugcinwa kolwazi engqondweni, nokufadalala kwenqubokucabanga emagundaneni. Ubuzali obuhle kwamataniswa nokuvuselelwa kwe-astrocyte (p<0,005) kanye nokubangcono komqondo. Ukuqonda ukuthelelana okudidayo kokuphilisana kwanikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinselelo ezimataniswa nezimbangangcindezi kwanikeza namathuba okwelapha okungase kwenziwe.