African Languages

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An analysis of contemporary IsiZulu performance poetry.
(2019) Myeni, Gladness Bongephiwe.; Sibiya, Nakanjani Goodenough.
Poetry is the most basic and profuse form of emotive expression in Africa. The African manifests feelings through an outburst of song or poem when he loves and when he hates, when he works and when he plays, when he is in peace and when he fights, when the child is born and when death takes its toll. Poetry should be understood as a part of ongoing sets of aesthetic traditions, acts of distinction, and values. These are recognizable genres of expression (in either the ways they actively align, reject, or refigure received traditions of use).This study is an analysis of thematic distribution and poetic features in isiZulu performance poetry and also seeks to explore its socio-linguistic impact in the society. An ethnographic methodological approach was employed in this study. Data collection involved use of interviews, voice recordings and observations of the performance sessions. This is informed by two complimentary theories that served as the theoretical framework. Firstly Bourne (2001) and Tolstoy’s (2001) expressive theory of arts was used as a background theory to provide benchmarks to the understanding of the main aim and appreciation of performance poetry. Secondly, the study used Hyme’s (1981) ethnopoetic theory, where ethnopoetics is concerned with composition in the course of performance. Ethnopoetics is the study of the ways that narratives are structured into “lines” and are thus poetic (Hymes, 1981). The findings demonstrate that most of the poems studied in this research dwelt much on the theme of love but without necessarily ignoring other issues such as women and child abuse, corruption and many other social ills. The researcher also discovered that isiZulu contemporary poetry employs unique linguistic elements in its expression of the diverse thematic issues. Code-mixing or code-switching and borrowing seem to be getting more attention in the composition of performance poems. = Izinkondlo e-Afrika ziyinto elula kakhulu neyindlela ejulile yokuveza imizwa. Abantu abangama-Afrika bakhombisa imizwa ngengoma noma ngenkondlo uma bethanda, bezonda, besebenza noma bedlala, uma benokuthula noma belwa, uma kuzelwe ingane noma kuvele isifo. Kumina izinkondlo zibukeka ziyizixazululo eziwusizo, ezingabukwa njengezingxenye zezinhlanganisela zobuhle besiko, izindlela zokuhlukanisa namazingakuphila. Lezi izinhlobo ezivamile zokuveza imizwa (okungaba izindlela abazihlanganisa ngokunamandla, bazinqabe, noma baphinde bazibhekisise izindlela ezitholakele zokusebenza). Lolu cwaningo luhlaziya izinkondlo zesiZulu ezihaywa bukhoma zesimanje. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukubuyekeza ukwabiwa kwezindikimba zezinkondlo zesiZulu ezihaywa bukhoma. Okwesibili, ukuhlaziya izici noma iminxa zobunkondlo emkhakheni omusha wezinkondlo zesiZulu, bese luphetha ngokuphenya umthelela walo mkhakha omusha wezinkondlo sesiZulu emphakathini. Kulolu cwaningo kusetshenziswe ikhwalithethivu egxile empilweni yabantu namasiko abo (ethnographic methodological approach) njengendlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo. Ukuqoqwa kolwazi kubandakanya, izingxoxo, amazwi aqoshiwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwenzeka kwezinto zinjengoba zinjalo. Lokhu kusekelwa izinjulalwazi ezimbili ezihambisanayo njengesisekelo socwaningo. Okokuqala, injulalwazi yokuzwakalisa imizwa yobuciko (expressive theory of arts), eyethulwa nguBourne (2001) noTolstoy (2001) njengomgogodla oyisizinda sokwazi inhlosongqangi yezinkondlo nokuhaywa kwezinkondlo zeshashalazi. Okwesibili, injulalwazi eqopha imibhalo wezinkondlo ezihaywa ngomlomo (ethnopoetic theory) kaHyme (1981), lapho le njulalwazi egxile esakhiweni senkondlo ngenkathi yenziwa. I-ethnopoetic iyisifundo sezindlela zokuhlela okudluliswayo kube imisho kanye nobunkondlo (Hymes, 1981). Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi izinkondlo eziningi ezikulolu cwaningo zigxile kakhulu endikimbeni yothando. Ngale kwalokho, kongoti bezinkondlo, osonkondlo noma izimbongi babuka uthando njengengxenye yempilo ehlukile kodwa kuya ngendlela imbongi ngayinye eqonda ngayo izindaba zothando. Umcwaningi uphinde wathola ukuthi izinkondlo zesimanje zisebenzisa izingxenye zolimi lapho ziveza okuthile ezindikimbeni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuxutshwa kolimi nokuboleka kwezinye izilimi kudla umhlanganiso uma kukhiqizwa izinkondlo zeshashalazi.
An analysis of the depiction of males in selected postcolonial novels written in IsiZulu.
(2023) Shabalala, Sicelo Cyril.; Zulu, Nogwaja Shadrack.
This study analyses the depiction of males in selected postcolonial novels written in isiZulu. The texts were selected from the literary period 1996- 2017. The study employs a masculinist literary criticism as a theoretical framework, in analysing the selected isiZulu novels. The novels in question were selected using purposive sampling. The study points out stereotypes that are used to portray men in literary texts. Moreover, the study reveals that the traditional role of men in society and in families has not changed in line with the democratic dispensation. Section 9(4) on gender equality is not feasible in a patriarchal society. Men have no domestic obligation. Women cook, clean, wash, and take care of children. Men expect absolute obedience from women: their word is final. A wife must not refute the word of her husband. The man is the head of the family. Men provide for women, children, and the extended families. Those who cannot provide for their families feel emasculated; then resort to crime. Women expect protection from men; therefore, men assume the role of a protector. Men do not succumb to emotions. They have been socialised not to cry even in taxing situations. Boys and men are territorial: they chase away rivals in their marked terrain. Men are risk-takers − they drive recklessly while under the influence of alcohol. They have multiple sexual partners even though HIV and AIDS is at its peak. The number of sexual relations one has is a validation of masculinity. Society praises brave men while mocking acts of cowardice. Boys aspire to be warriors. The findings suggest that there is little progress towards gender equity − men in their homes still favour gender inequality. Household chores are arranged according to gender.
An analysis of the praises of domestic animals.
(1992) Molefe, Lawrence.; Koopman, Adrian.
It occured to me that scholars who undertake to explore praises in Zulu have centred much analysis on praises of human beings and very little on those of domestic animals. Domestic animals are very close environmental company to any Black person in South Africa, especially to those who reside in farming areas. This study demonstrates that the domestic animal merits praise because it constitutes a kind of relative and colleague to a Black person. The first chapter gives a general layout of those to follow. What one has to note in the first chapter is the assessment of the extent to which scholars have made studies towards assessing praises of domestic animals. To be more precise, about six books have been identified containing some gleanings on the praises of domestic animals . This scarcity of documented sources for these praises together with the fact that praises of domestic animals are still mainly part of oral tradition constitute the main reason prompting this study. Chapter Two analyses hopefully in depth the social aspect of praises of domestic animals. We deduce from the numerous facts emerging from the inter-relationship between owner and animal that the main reason for the existence of the praises in question, is to forge links that bind poet and animal together. Aspects discussed in Chapter Two are, among others, the purpose of praising which examines the effect of praises on both the animals themselves and the community at large. The chapter also looks at the various poets in this field, the occasions during which domestic animals are praised, and the kind of audience anticipated when praising these animals. Though almost all the poets in this regard are wholly nonliterate, the praises they compose are nevertheless rich in literary constructions. They decorate the praises with all sorts of poetic expressions. One may even imagine that the praises of domestic animals were composed by modern learned poet who composed them by transcription and had all the skills to adopt the most impressive literary forms. Chapter Four sums up the role of praises of domestic animals on society as well as the literary richness that the praises possess. On the other hand this chapter Four is also to be taken as the summary and distillation of the previous ones.
An analytical survey of Zulu poetry both traditional and modern.
(1959) Kunene, Raymond Mazisi.; Malcolm, M.; Cope, Anthony Trevor.
No abstract available.
C.L.S. Nyembezi's use of traditional Zulu folktales in his Igoda series of school readers.
(1985) Canonici, Noemio Noverino.; Cope, Anthony Trevor.; Koopman, Adrian.
No abstract available.
Conscientisation : a motive behind the selected poems of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali.
(2013) Sibisi, Zwelithini Leo.; Nxumalo, Otty Ezrom Howard Mandlakayise.
The thesis looks at how the poets Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali (SSGM) make concerted efforts to demonstrate how different forms of social activities have sought to whitewash black people in believing myths about themselves. These myths were perpetuated by the government of apartheid policies and its related bureaucratic organs like the education system. The fallacies were also communicated through biased literature and denigrating terminologies. The study analyses how the selected poems of SSGM set out to conscientize black people to realise how they had unconsciously accepted certain behaviours. This had led them to compare themselves to the “privileged cultures” and to strive to be identified with those who were in power and those who were despised and were therefore powerless. The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how the poetry of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali exposed the extent to which black people had been psychologically subjected to internalising negative views of who they were. From the title of the thesis we note a claim that conscientization was the motive behind the poetry of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala, and Mtshali. This claim was discerned from the poetry that was analysed. It was also deemed fit to verify this through structured interviews and questionnaires that were arranged and conducted with the poets. However the interviews did not include the late Sepamla who had been called to higher service by the time the research was conducted. The researcher’s interactions with the poets confirmed the claim that conscientization was indeed the motive behind their poetry. Aspects of peoples’ lives which had been targeted as tools for disempowering black people were experienced in the form of racism, apartheid policies, Bantustan institutions, and laws, demeaning terminologies, cultural superiority, and prejudiced beliefs, arts, music, literature, theatre and sport. An analysis of the poetry under review led to the conclusion that the poetry of SSGM was not protest poetry as some scholars had claimed. The aim of the poetry was not to instigate any militancy against oppressors but to make black people aware of their identity and to affirm them in their resistance against cultural hegemony. The study makes use of Marxist theories and specifically cites those aspects which relate to the tools used to analyse the poetry of SSGM. Georg Lukacs’s viewpoint that literature reflects the social reality of its time is applied to some of the selected poetry. Eagleton and Althusser talk about the formalization of literature which makes ideology to become visible to the reader. Gramsci says the task of producing and disseminating ideology is performed by organic intellectuals. Writers are regarded as organic intellectuals. In spite of the limiting circumstances the four black writers whose poetry is being considered, managed to conscientize people around issues that needed to be opposed or rejected. This study is significant in so far as it exposed how poetry of black selected writers conscientized people and indirectly contributed to the liberation of the oppressed in South Africa. It is suggested that further studies are undertaken to re-assess the role of literature written by the black writers during the apartheid regime. A special attention must be given to those literary works that were banned and reasons for such action by those who were hell bent on subjugating black people. One of the challenges encountered during the research was that some of the books were out of print. However, a thorough and persistent search did result in the final access to those books which were not easily available.
A critical analysis of N.F. Mbhele's one-act plays.
(2001) Khumalo, Ellie.; Maphumulo, Abednego Mandlenkosi.
This thesis investigates the appropriateness and the accuracy of Mbhele's artistry in writing his one-act plays from Izivunguvungu Zempilo, Ishashalazi and Ezemihla Nayizolo. It considers the formal literary elements which include characterisation, themes, setting, plot, dialogue and style of the writer inclusive of the language that has been used. It also involves different kinds of themes that are revealed by this dramatist in his work. His themes cover all the aspects of life. This includes the exploration of the previous political situation and its effect on the lives of the people, the effect of the Western influences on black South Africans and the people's perspectives on education and religion. The theoretical framework that has been used in this study is the historical-biographical approach. The interview with the author has been very helpful in this regard. The purpose of the interview has been to develop some kind of understanding of the author's own ideas, his early life experiences, his educational background, and the sense of the situation the author writes about. This study consists of six chapters; the first chapter serves as the general introduction for the whole thesis. The author's biographical notes, the identification and the discussion of the research methodology and the definition of some important terms, form part of chapter one. In each chapter, there is an explicit explanation of each formal literary element in relation to Mbhele's one-act plays. Chapter two deals with both characterisation and plot, because plot deals with all the events in a story and the way in which these events are connected. All the events in a story involve the characters. Chapter three investigates the themes that are found in Mbhele's one-act plays, and the ways in which they are revealed. Chapter four consists of the dialogue and style of the writer, which includes his use of the language and the form of address used by the characters to address each other. Chapter five discusses the social background of the characters in relation to what they do in the plays. This includes their given social circumstances, the time and the place which the writer has created for them. Chapter six is the general conclusion for the whole study. It includes the summary, observation and some implications for further research.
A critical study of Elliot Zondi's historical dramas.
(2001) Ntshangase, Duduzile Audrey.; Maphumulo, Abednego Mandlenkosi.
The study concentrate on a critical analysis of Elliot Zondi's historical dramas, Insumansumane and Ukufa KukaShaka. The study constitutes an attempt to apply the theoretical approaches. The plays have been chosen only for reasons of my personal acquaintance. The whole study is divided into six chapters. Chapter one focuses on the general introduction. The general introduction will cover the aim of the study, research methodology, historical background of the plays, definition of terms and the biographical notes of the author. At the end of this chapter there will be a conclusion. Chapter two, deals with theme. The theme covers the following sub topics: title in relation to theme, the comparison between the theme and plot, theme and style, theme and dialogue, theme and characters, types of themes such as: theme of loyalty, theme of poverty, love, political violence and the moral lesson found in Elliot Zondi's historical drama books. Chapter three concerns itself with style and dialogue. Style and dialogue will look at the sentence construction, language, figures of speech, title and symbolism. Chapter four concentrates on plot and characters, which covers exposition, motoric moment, conflict, complication, tension, climax, suspense in the title, beginning, the middle and the end of the play, characterization, naming of characters, types of characters, kinds of characters and the development of characters. Chapter five deals with setting, which covers time, place and social circumstances. There will be a short summary, which leads to the discussion of the following chapter. Chapter six focuses on the general conclusion.
Cultural and religious contrasts and symbiosis in D.B.Z. Ntuli's short stories.
(1994) Mayekiso, Almitta Cordelia Theresa-Marie.; Nxumalo, Otty Ezrom Howard Mandlakayise.; Olivier, Theo.
No abstract available.
Feminist discourse analysis in four selected Zulu literary texts beyond 'woman as a victim'.
(2018) Gumede, Hendry Sifiso.; Mathonsi, Nhlanhla Naphtal.
The study’s hypothesis was that the condition of women in Zulu patriarchal society as reflected in the selected Zulu literary texts is still intolerable. Some female and male authors tend to echo social tendencies and trends, wanting to maintain the status quo of the system of patriarchy. The study surfaces the traditional patriarchal views on marriage, ukungena (taking over of the responsibilities of the late brother) and other gender inequities. The research qualitatively examines these traditional issues and approaches in the four selected literary texts from a literary feminist discourse perspective. The study has managed to portray various situations in which women discover their potential by focusing on the various major problems they have to face in the patriarchal society. The four literary texts analyzed depict women characters as victims. For instance, the novels Ifa Lenkululeko and Umshado portray the widows’ world as a hybrid space characterized by forces of tradition and modernity. Both novels show how widows are usually trodden upon and least protected by the society from patriarchal interpretations, and expectations of the tradition. The plays, Ngiyazisa Ngomtanami and Ngiwafunge AmaBomvu, on the other hand, depict flaws and failures of the patriarchal system. Both plays expose these flaws and failures in a subtle manner that an inattentive reader may not be able to observe. They both reflect women’s maturity in challenging the stereotypes of the patriarchal system. These literary texts display some transformed approaches in the portrayal of female characters. The study calls for a change of mindsets from members of society who still endorse patriarchal stereotypes of women. It makes it clear that, only by affording full consideration to women’s needs and contributions, can the civilization grow and mature.
The functions of dreams and visions in the ibandla lamaNazaretha at Inanda.
(2003) McNulty, Grant.; Magwaza, Thenjiwe S. C.
This study investigates the function of dreams and visions in the Shembe church at Inanda. It looks at who Isia Shembe (the church founder) and his lineage are to Shembeites, the nature of the relationship between Shembe and the amadlozi (ancestors) and what roles they play in Shembeite life. The data was collected using qualitative methodology - in-depth interviews that were transcribed and where necessary, translated. The study is best understood within a structural-functionalism framework, which accounts for the social and cultural aspects of the religion. The study concludes that Isia Shembe and his lineage are generally thought of as prophets through whom God works. Shembe and the amadlozi often work as a unit and perform the roles of converter, purveyors of good fortune and guides or directors. In addition, Shembe solely performs the roles of cultural leader and mediator between Shembeites and the amadlozi and between Shembeites and God. Dreams and visions function to guide Shembeites, as communication with the spiritual realm, as a method of conversion and as re-affirmations of faith.
A historical perspective and linguistic analysis of onomastic elements with special reference to the Shangase clan.
(2006) Shangase, Sibusiso Elphus.; Ngubane, Sihawukele Emmanuel.
The overall questions that were provided in the higher degrees proposal have been fairly answered throughout this doctoral dissertation. The following questions have been asked and answered throughout the thesis: What has been identified a's changes from traditional naming practices to Western naming practices? What morphophological comparisons can be made in naming practices? What influenced the cultural and historical background and language of the Shangase clan? Every social group of people has certain norms of behaviour. How does this culturally and structurally affect the system of naming within the Shangase Clan? Since there are different language names, how are these names related, or can any: system of their relationship be found within the Shangase Clan? From which parts of speech are different names (which are nouns) normally derived and what prefixal and suffixal elements are applied? What poetic techniques can be used to analyse the personal praises or praise names of Kings, Royal Family Members and the ordinary people? It has therefore, been realized that the personal names and place names are well known to have played a more substantial role in the identification of different people and places of different clans. Surnames and address names have promoted the identification and classification of different clans. The researcher has used both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies as tools for data collection. Research methods have entailed verbal descriptive practices, which include oral inquiries, questionnaires, interviews and observational information. The purpose of this research has been to locate the study within the context of the topic and the historical background of the Shangase people which eventually deals with personal names, place-names and personal praises. The literature has been reviewed according to the recommendations of the researcher's supervisor Prof S.E. Ngubane. Five scholars were chosen and the focus was on history, genealogy, linguistic, onomastics of personal names, place-names and how these names are derived and changed from time to time with naming practices changing from generation to generation. This has enabled every member of the Shangase clan to identify himself easily with the founder, Shangase (Mkheshane), son of Vumizitha, of Mthebe of Mnguni 1. The researcher's main objective has been to focus on the history and genealogy of the Shangase clan from the time of Vumizitha (d.c.l688) to the present time (AD 2006), how personal names and place names are given when one looks at the circumstances of naming and history surrounding the names and the linguistic analysis of the onomactic elements. The personal names, place names and praise names are analysed and synthesized within the parameters of word formation, and as words they are isolated or syntactically used to assign a particular meaning in Zulu. Lastly, the researcher is mostly interested in this study because, as a member of the Shangase Community, he has a thorough knowledge of where the Shangase clan is located. The researcher's method of interviews using interview questionnaires assisted him to accomplish the main objectives. Through these interviews and observations, the researcher highly recommends that those who might be able to read this thesis, and feel interested and create new challenges in the field of onomastics, which the researcher hopes this thesis has done, should further undertake a study of personal praises within the Shangase clan.
Homestead names as a reflection of social dynamics in Mabengela, Nkandla.
(1999) Shabalala, Mbali Aldromeda.; Koopman, Adrian.
Homestead naming has been a Zulu practice since the days of King Shaka. Although this practice has been abandoned by some of the Zulus especially those living in urban areas, it still exists in some rural areas e.g. Mabengela. This study on ''Homestead names as a reflection of social dynamics in Mabengela, Nkandla" , is divided into five chapters. The first chapter 'Introduction' looks at both the introduction to the thesis and also the introduction to the research area. It looks at the methodology used in this study and also gives a brief background of the life people in Mabengela live. The second chapter 'The Zulu homestead and its social organisation' pays particular attention to the Zulu homestead. It looks at the construction of a Zulu hut, the arrangement of huts in the homestead, the importance of the cattle kraal, etc. It also looks at the division of labour within the Zulu homestead and the importance of each member of the family in making things run smoothly in the homestead. Chapter three 'Morphological analysis of homestead names' looks at the linguistic features of homestead names. It looks at the difference between nouns and names, the locative prefixes and suffixes used in homestead names and also looks different stems that homestead names have. This chapter also focuses on homestead names as a morphological exception. The last but one chapter 'The aetiology of homestead names' looks at homestead names as a reflection of social dynamics in the community of Mabengela. It pays particular attention to the reasons for name-giving, time for naming the homestead, etc. It also looks at the different categories in which homestead names in Mabengela have been categorised and what these names reflect about the community of Mabengela. The last chapter is the conclusion of the dissertation.
Ikhono lika M.J Mngadi lokusebenzisa izimpawu emanovelini akhe amabili akhethiwe.
(2023) Mazibuko, Zamangwe Pertunia.; Zwane, Celani Lucky.; Maphumulo, Abednego Mandlenkosi.
This research looks at M.J. Mngadi’s ability to use signs of semiotics in his two selected novels titled “Imiyalezo” (2008) and “Ifa ngukufa” (2001). Although there are other novels that Mngadi has written but they also have signs of semiotics that the researcher could use to analyze them, but she chose these two and she believed that they adequately express the signs that are sufficient for this research. This study uses theory of semiotics, which was found to be the most suitable for the study. This study has six chapters. The first chapter presents introduction. The motivation of the research, the need to do the research, the objectives of the research, the methods of doing the research, the basic database of the research, the design of the chapters and the conclusion are listed. The second chapter looks at the literature review. The third chapter looks at the methods and theory used to conduct the research. Here the qualitative method, purposive sampling, text analysis was used to filter the documents. The theory used was semiotics. The fourth chapter looks at the types of signs of semiotics that Mngadi used in his two selected novels. Where the first type is found which is an obvious sign, the second type is a hidden sign, the third and the last one is twisted the fifth chapter looks at the reasons why Mngadi used signs of semiotics in his novels. The reasons found are foreshadowing, emphasis and prolongation. The sixth chapter focuses on conclusion, summarizes everything that was done in the research and presents the recommendations. IQOQA LOCWANINGO : Kulolu cwaningo kubhekwa ikhono likaM.J. Mngadi lokusebenzisa izimpawu zesemiotics nalisebenzisile ekubhaleni amanoveli akhe amabili akhethiwe azihloko zithi “Imiyalezo” (2008) nethi “Ifa ngukufa” (2001). Nakuba ekhona amanye amanoveli uMngadi awabhalile kodwa nawo anazo izimpawu zesemiotics umcwaningi abengawasebenzisa ukuzihlaziya, kodwa ukhethe lawa amabili nokuyiwona athole kuwona ukuthi aziveza ngokwanele izimpawu ezanele zalolu cwaningo. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise injulalwazi yesemiotics, nokuyiyona okutholakale ukuthi iyona efanele ucwaningo. Lolu cwaningo linezahluko eziyisithupha. Isahluko sokuqala sethula obekwenziwa ocwaningweni. Kubalwa isisusa socwaningo, isidingo sokwenza ucwaningo, izinhloso zocwaningo, izindlela zokwenza ucwaningo, injulalwazi eyisisekelo socwaningo, umklamo wezahluko nesiphetho. Isahluko sesibili sibheka ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo. Isahluko sesithathu sibheka izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe zokuqhuba ucwaningo. Lapha kusetshenziswe indlela yekhwalithethivu, ipurposive sampling, itext analysis ukuhluza imibhalo. Isahluko sesine sibheka izinhlobo zezimpawu uMngadi azisebenzisile emanovelini akhe amabili akhethiwe. Lapho kutholakale uhlobo lokuqala okuwuphawu olusobala, uhlobo lesibili olucashile, elesithathu nelokugcina olusontekile. Isahluko sesihlanu sibheka izizathu ezenze ukuthi uMngadi asebenzise izimpawu emanovelini akhe. Izizathu ezitholakele ukubikezela, ukugcizelela nokunkondloza. Isahluko sesithupha sifingqa konke obekwenziwa ocwaningweni sinikeza nezincomo.
The implementation of isiZulu as a subject in the public primary schools of the Lower Tugela Circuit in KwaDukuza (Stanger)
(2008) Mthembu, Tozama.; Geyser, Annelie.
The study aims to investigate the extent to which isiZulu is promoted as a subject in the
Incazelo yomlando wemvelo wempilo yehlathi Intimbankulu elisemkhadlwini was-Ogwini : kuphonswa inselele emasikweni esiZulu nakwezokungcebeleka = An exploration of the natural and socio-cultural history of Ntimbankulu Forest in the Ugu region : a contribution to Zulu culture and rural eco-tourism.
(2010) Cele-Khuboni, Gloria Nondumiso.; Zungu, Phyllis Jane Nonhlanhla.
The study investigates ecotourism potential at Ntimbankulu forest, a remote area which is found at Ugu District Municipality. The essential elements of true ecotourism according to Ceballos-Lascurain, Drake, Boo, Brandon, are: " the participation and involvement of the local communities and residents in close proximity to the site". It is for this reason that the researcher adopted the stakeholder theory which involves local community, NGO and the Government. The main aim of the research is: to improve the standard of living of people near Ntimbankulu forest, (b) to conserve and preserve the natural resources of the forest, (c) to promote and sustain development in the area,( d) to make local community realize the need to protect their natural heritage site which is a huge "rock ship" with a lion crest on one of its side, that is found in the deepest part of the jungle. Lastly, to make the local people benefit from the natural resources found in this Forest. The study also looks at the history and culture of the area. It is hoped that the development of Ntimbankulu Forest will bring many benefits to the local community involving better education, job opportunities, and environmental awareness.
The indigenous knowledge systems based on religion and healing as encapsulated in O.E.H.M. Nxumalo and L.B.Z. Buthelezi's poetry.
(2010) Mdanda, Mandlakayise Gilford.; Maphumulo, Abednego Mandlenkosi.
This study concerns itself with indigenous knowledge systems related to religion and healing as encapsulated in Nxumalo and Buthelezi's poetry. Most of the poems referenced in this study are laced with religion and healing, with the aspects of healing being related to religion and success? In short, the healer has to be upright as far as religion is concerned. Any deviation from religious norms and values tarnishes and nullifies the healer's expertise and their ability to heal. In short the ancestral spirits dislikes deviant behaviours such as witchcraft, when the healer lives in two worlds, that of healing and that of bewitching others. The ancestors strip the healer of the healing powers, as a punishment. To gain their expertise, the practitioners of religion and healing undergo training in the art of detecting illness and witchcraft using bones and other devices, and this training, to a greater extent, must come with the approval of ancestors. It is also upon the diviners and traditional healers to perform rituals when death has struck, by preparing rituals that should enable the living dead to meet their ancestors spotless. Since, the indigenous people believes in the life-hereafter, it is believed that a person pursues with living, similarly to an earthly one even in death. It is believed that failing to perform these rituals, invites death to encroach and repeatedly strike the community or family. Witchcraft is deplored in indigenous religions and communities often gather together with healers to fight against witches. In indigenous religions untimely death is believed to be the work of the witch. All in all indigenous religion and healing complement each other in the worship of the Supreme-Being through deities. In short, Chapter One concerns itself with a general introduction for the entire study. Some key concepts such as: indigenous knowledge systems; deconstruction; inter-textuality; new-historicism; influence and so on, will be discussed in this said chapter. Whereas Chapter Two discusses how theories like deconstruction, inter-textuality and new-historicism will be utilised in the study. Take for instance deconstruction is to be utilised since it deals with multiplicity of meaning in interpretation of poetry. Chapter Three deals with the link between Nxumalo and Buthelezi's poetry as they relate to indigenous religion and healing and the relevance of these two concepts. Chosen poems by Nxumalo and Buthelezi will be analysed in this regard. Chapter Four touches on instances of the indigenous knowledge system and how it is constructed within the poetry of Nxumalo and Buthelezi. Specifically, the position of the Supreme-Being and that of the deities will receive attention here. In Chapters Five, discussions of the instances of indigenous rituals within the selected poetry and the training of prospective traditional healers will be analysed. Finally, Chapter Six presents the conclusion, findings, recommendations and possible future directions for research in this field.
Indikimba yokudingiswa ezinkondlweni zikaMazisi Kunene zesiZulu.
(2018) Xaba, Melusi.; Sibiya, Nakanjani Goodenough.
Lona ngumsebenzi wocwaningo ohlelwe ngokwalezi zahluko eziyisikhombisa.Ucwaningo olwenziwe kulo msebenzi lumayelana nendikimba yokudingiswa etholakala ezinkondlweni zesiZulu zikaMazisi Kunene. Isahluko sokuqala Kulesi sahluko ilapho kuthulwa khona ucwaningo ngokuthi kuchazwe isihloko socwaningo esingumgogodla wocwaningo lonke. Esahlukweni lesi kuvezwa kafushane okuzogxilwa kukhona ocwaningweni, kuchazwe amagama azobe eqavile ocwaningweni lonke. Kuvezwa izinhloso kanye nezidingo zocwaningo ngenhloso yokhanyisa umsuka wocwaningo olwenziwayo. Kubuye kubhekwe izindlela zokwenza ucwaningo ezizosetshenziswa ocwaningweni. Kuvezwa ngamafuphi ukuthi ucwaningo luzokwenziwa kanjani. Kuphindwe kuthulwe izinjulalwazi eziyisisekelo socwaningo. Kugcinwa ngokuveza umklamo wocwaningo kanye nomklamo wezahluko lapho kuvezwa khona ngamafuphi ukuthi ucwaningo luzogxila kuphi nokuthi umcwaningi izahluko zocwaningo uzozimisa kanjani. Isahluko sesibili Lesi yisahluko esiyisendlalelo socwaningo lonke. Kulesi sahluko kuxoxwa kabanzi ngezinkondlo nokuthi buyini ubunkondlo. Kuzophinde kubuyekezwe nemibhalo ehlobene nesihloko socwaningo olwenziwayo. Isahluko sesithathu Lapha kubhekwa izindlela zokuqhuba ucwaningo kanye nezinjulalwazi eziyisekelo socwaningo lonke.
The influence of selected English romantic poets in B.W. Vilakazi's poetry.
(2001) Ngidi, Evangeline Bonisiwe.; Koopman, Adrian.
B.W. Vilakazi is regarded by many literary critics as the best poet of his time, who had he lived longer, would have marked his living years the Vilakazi era. It is for this reason that I decided to embark on the study of his poetry, and that which influenced him, mainly the English Romantic Poets. In doing this research I also emphasised typical aspects of Romantic poets so as to clarify whether Vilakazi does fall under this category (Romantic category). In the introduction of Inkondlo kaZulu Gumede remarks thus on B.W. Vilakazi's poetry: "UVilakazi tstqungo sokwakha izosha lezi usithole esiblgisini. Usebenzisa isiZulu kanye nemizekeliso yaso namalutha, ekhombisa ithuba lokuqhuba isiZulu sibe nenkinga yaso yezincwadi noma izosha lezi zincikile esiNgisini. Ube nesibindi sokuzisukela aqambe lolu hlobo lwezibongo zesiZulu wangagudluka endleleni endala." (l935:vi) "Vilakazi gets his poetic inspiration from English. He uses Zulu images and superstitions to show that Zulu can have its own literature even though it is related to English. It is very brave of him to compose new genre in Zulu praises, without diverting from the original version by older poets." The scope of the study will be as follows: Chapter One is an introductory chapter which includes: the aim of the study; preamble, literature review, research methodology, biographical notes on Vilakazi, Vilakazi's literary works (novels, anthologies of poetry, articles in journals), Vilakazi's lexicographical work (the Dictionary), Vilakazi's influences (his own personal experiences, traditional poetry, traditional prose narrative, Biblical influences and mostly the English Romantic Poets). This chapter includes the definition of Poetry and the definition of a poet, definition of a Bard 'Imbongi', it also defines Romanticism (as a movement and as a concept); and it gives various critical views on RW. Vilakazi. Chapter Two deals with the influence of English Romantic Poets on Vilakazi, and looks at certain poems of Wordsworth, Keats and Shelley. Chapter Three deals with Vilakazi as a Romantic poet (certain Poems with Romantic aspects). Chapter Four is the Conclusion looking at the extent that the Romantic poets influenced Vilakazi's writing.
The influences of traditional medicine in relation to its various use by the African societies : a review of Zulu novels.
(2000) Ntshangase, Sicelo Ziphozonke.; Ngubane, Sihawukele Emmanuel.
Traditional medicine, unlike western medicine, is not merely concerned with physical illness, but it is used for various purposes. For instance: It can be used for lkuthwala' (the process whereby a person consults a traditional doctor for the medicine that will make a person very rich). The practice of 'ukuthwala' has numerous disavantages, especially because of the price that is paid in return of the wealth accumulated. The price is usually a human sacrifice, depending on what version of Ukuthwala' a person has opted for. Traditional medicine can also be used for witchcraft (ukuthakatha),for protection against evil spirits (ukuqinisa) , for making someone love you, for job opportunities, and for inspiration of the army. It can be either used for good or evil purposes. The dissertation looks at both versions by strongly drawing examples from Zulu novels. Other issues raised in this study is the importance of religion and cosmology, culture, magic, as well as spiritual healing, in association with traditional medicine. The Africans believe in the spirit world. They believed that for people to communicate with 'Mvelinqangi ' (God) there should be 'amadlozi' (the ancestors), who should intercede with God on their behalf. Usually, they call a sangoma' (medium) or 'inyanga' (medicine-man) to perform the religious ritual, or he would just instruct the elder person in the family how to carry out the procedure of communicating with the ancestors (Canonici, 1996). Traditional medicine has its own professional ethics. These ethics are also discussed in the research.

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