Breeding investigations on utility of maize streak virus resistant germplasm for hybrid development in the tropics.
Loading...
Date
2014
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) supports millions of livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in terms of
food and feed. Production of the crop is however limited by several factors, among these, maize
streak virus (MSV) disease. Although extensively studied, MSV remains a serious problem in
SSA due to several challenges in breeding MSV resistant maize varieties. These include
integration of MSV resistant germplasm from different backgrounds, reliance on a few resistant
sources, and genotype x environment interactions. This study was designed to assess the
breeding potential of several MSV resistant lines in hybrid combinations. Understanding
architecture of genetic divergence and background of these genotypes would greatly aid in
breeding high yielding and stable MSV resistant hybrids. Experiments were conducted during
2010 to 2012 seasons in Kenya. Diallel crosses and SSR markers were used to characterize
MSV resistant maize inbred lines from three programs of CIMMYT, KARI and IITA.
In general, this study revealed that MSV is still an important problem in Kenya with high
incidence and severity levels in the farmers’ fields. The levels of MSV resistance in locally
grown hybrids needs to be improved. Farmers challenged breeders to develop new hybrids that
combine early maturing, high yield potential and MSV resistance.
The study was successful in identifying the best eight inbred lines for use in breeding new maize
hybrids with MSV resistance. The nature of gene effects was established for the first time, in
particular the role of epistasis and G x E in conditioning MSV resistance in hybrids. Results
indicate serious implications for previous models that ignored epistasis in studying MSV
resistance in maize. The inbreds Z419, S558, CML509 and Osu23i, displayed high levels of
epistasis for MSV resistance. Unless strong sources of MSV resistance, such as MUL114 and
CML509, are used, breeding resistant hybrids will require parents that carry dominant
resistance genes. The additive-dominance model was adequate to explain northern leaf blight
(NLB) resistance in hybrids, indicating fewer complications in breeding NLB resistant hybrids.
The study also reveals that SSR genetic distance data can be used to predict hybrid
performance, especially when the correct set of markers is used. Many previous studies have
not found any significant relationship between genetic distance and heterosis, due to large
G x E and use of a wrong set of markers. The diallel analysis and SSR data established the
important heterotic groups, which will be exploited for efficient development of MSV resistant
maize hybrids. These strategies will be recommended to programs that emphasize MSV
resistance in maize hybrids.
Description
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
Keywords
Corn--Diseases and pests--Kenya., Corn--Disease and pest resistance--Genetic aspects., Corn--Breeding--Kenya., Corn--Varieties--Kenya., Corn--Kenya--Virus diseases., Virus diseases of plants--Kenya., Theses--Plant breeding.