The influence of self-perceived identity, social power, and masculinity on attitudes towards violence against women amongst male youth in Newlands West, Durban.

Abstract

Statistically, South Africa experiences some of the highest incidents of violence against women (VAW) in the world. The consequences are devasting not only for women but for society as a whole. The variables “Self-perceived identity, social power and masculinity” were crucial in providing a comprehensive insight into the factors that contribute to VAW among male youth. The study was framed by Social constructionism, Social identity theory and the Theory of planned behaviour. The study employed a qualitative research paradigm. The sampling strategies consisted of purposive and convenience techniques. The sample consisted of twenty-six male youth, between the ages of 18-34, all residing in the Newlands West community. The data collection strategy utilised was triangulation and data was collected using both focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. These were subsequently recorded with the permission of the participants to enable data analysis. To this end, thematic content analysis was employed to analyse the data effectively. The findings indicate that self-perceived identity processes among male youth occurs at a superficial level and is therefore limited. The restrictive gender norms that determine masculinity restricts male youth from completely engaging in self-evaluation and this often manifests into harmful behaviour. For this reason, self-perceived identity does influence attitudes towards VAW among male youth however in this study the lack of self-perceived identity was found to be a key factor in determining attitudes towards VAW. The findings also demonstrate that social power does influence attitudes towards VAW among male youth. Social power amongst participants was informed by the traditional masculine roles that are rooted in patriarchy. Therefore, social power is used to modify and control women which exacerbates gendered power inequalities. This is condoned by society and is instrumental in escalating VAW. A more comprehensive engagement at the community level including, programmes that target male youth, self-perceived identity tasks, social skills and the promotion of healthy relationships is recommended. Moreover, government departments should use a multi-sectoral approach in their engagements with communities and remain conscious of the nature of the content they deliver.