The role of social capital in building climate change resilience amongst smallholder farmers in Bergville.

Abstract

This study examines the influence of social capital on the climate change adaptation strategies and resilience-building of smallholder farmers in Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from 150 purposively selected farmers through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a probit regression model were employed to assess the effect of social capital variables on adaptive behaviour. Qualitative data were thematically analysed to explore farmers’ perceptions of the benefits and constraints of using social networks to build resilience." Findings indicate that trust in peer information, participation in collective action, access to extension services, and frequent community interaction are strong positive predictors of climate adaptation. Farmers embedded in active social networks had significantly higher odds (P < 0.05) of adopting climate-smart practices, while those excluded from group activities or decision-making faced greater vulnerability. Despite the strength of bonding social capital, bridging and linking forms essential for accessing external resources and knowledge remain underutilized. The study highlights the transformative potential of social capital in strengthening climate resilience, while noting the institutional and structural barriers that limit its effectiveness. Strengthening inclusive and functional social networks, alongside enhanced extension support, is vital for building sustainable adaptation pathways in rural farming systems.