An exploratory study of bullying in the University of KwaZulu-Natal residences.

Abstract

Bullying in university residences is a pervasive but often overlooked issue even though it disrupts the academic success and overall well-being of students. At the University of KwaZulu-Natal, bullying takes many forms and creates a hostile environment for students living in both on-campus and off-campus residences. This study investigated the nature, causes, and impacts of bullying in UKZN residences and it also explored intervention strategies that could help reduce incidences of bullying. Fifteen undergraduate students (n = 15), two Risk Management Services personnel (n = 2), and two Residence Liaison Officers (n = 2) with personal experiences of bullying were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. This approach was aligned with the study's qualitative research design, which aimed to explore participants' experiences in depth. These interviews provided crucial insights into the nature of the bullying problem in UKZN residences. The routine activity theory was employed to analyse why certain environments made students more vulnerable to bullying than others, while the social learning theory explained how bullying behaviours were acquired and reinforced within the residential settings under study. The findings were that emotional, cyber, and physical bullying were the most prevalent forms of bullying that the students encountered. Factors that contributed to bullying included power imbalances, social hierarchy, substance abuse, and negative childhood experiences. These behaviours had severe consequences for the victims and significantly impacted their mental health, academic performance, and social lives. Many victims reported experiencing depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. They also struggled academically due to stress, lack of concentration, and absenteeism, while socially they experienced isolation and withdrawal from peer interactions. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing awareness campaigns and student-centred programs that foster positive relationships and reduce the occurrence of bullying in residences. Creating a safer and more inclusive living environment is essential for enhancing student well-being and academic success.