Supply Chain Management

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Adoption of electronic banking distribution channels in South Africa: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of technology.
(2020) Nzama, Mbuso Emmanuel.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Globally, every industry is on the path of a technological revolution that is radically shaping how people and organisations relate to the world and to one another. The Fourth Industrial Revolution’s (4IR) digital technologies are transforming supply chain management from a linear model to a more integrated model in which information flows in multiple directions. The invention of e-banking has provided customers with a whole new experience of banking services. In South Africa, banks have invested heavily in technological solutions. However, socio-economic complexities and challenges are slowing down the adoption of e-banking channels. This study examines the key determinants of the adoption and acceptance of electronic banking through the theoretical constructs of the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT2). The first research objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of acceptance and utilisation of downstream electronic banking distribution channels by generation-based clients. The second objective was to determine the effect of the cultural factor, uncertainty avoidance, on the use of electronic banking distribution channels. The third objective was to establish the downstream supply chain customer experience on the underlying impact of facilitating conditions on electronic banking systems. The penultimate objective was to determine the degree to which the downstream electronic banking simplicity practice influences usage of electronic banking distribution channels. The final objective was to develop the integrated electronic banking model that influences the downstream site generation-based customers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data in this study where the purposive and simple random samplings were selected. The study applied a quantitative approach to a 307 sample size of students doing post-graduate qualifications from three Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Durban. The collected data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. The findings revealed that facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, and social influence are key determinants that explain the users’ adoption and use of e-banking channels in South Africa. The study also revealed that uncertainty avoidance influences the use of e-banking channels. The retail banks can use these findings to further improve their electronic channels feature in the future.
Challenges experienced when outsourcing logistics in South Africa: a case of Lolli Supermarkets.
(2019) Gwala, Siphindile Adora.; Ncube, Eric Dumisani.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The effective and efficient operation of distribution centres is a goal for all retailers using the distribution centre strategy. It therefore becomes imperative to strategically position all available resources in order to achieve a smooth operation. This has led to the emergence of outsourced logistics service providers in South Africa to enhance efficiencies while retail organisations focus on the core functions of their business. Lolli Supermarkets makes use of third party logistics (3PL) service providers to achieve delivery efficiencies and cost saving in the distribution centre. The aim of the study is to identify challenges and determine where 3PL service providers are fulfilling their strategic role and where they experience challenges that result in the provision of suboptimal services to distribution centres. This study further attempts to achieve the following: firstly, to identify the challenges Lolli Supermarkets experience with its reliance on 3PLs. Secondly, to determine whether 3PL service providers are fulfilling their strategic role to improve order replenishment. Lastly, to determine whether Lolli Supermarkets are experiencing challenges with 3PL service providers with regards to product availability and as a result provision of suboptimal services by the 3PL service provider. This allows the study to analyse the impact of outsourcing in retail organisations while also evaluating any changes that may be encountered under developing economy conditions. An exploratory design was used to identify the challenges that result in suboptimal services provided by 3PL service providers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected from sixteen respondents who form part of Lolli Supermarkets management and two respondents who form part of management of the 3PL. The main findings reveal that 3PL service providers commit to creating efficiencies for the distribution centre through adhering to outbound plans, having service levels agreements in place, meeting the set key performance indicators, maintaining information flow to align goals of both parties, and operating in the most flexible manner to achieve efficient product delivery and enhance customer satisfaction. However, there are challenges that arise due to fluctuations in outbound volumes, communication breakdown, unpunctuality and the limited number of trucks available for use.
Demand chain planning operations within capacity constraints : Nestlé ZAR.
(2017) Mtshali, Nontobeko Nontokozo.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Organisations are currently faced with difficulties in effectively aligning demand plans to the volatile environments in which they operate. While operating environments and consumer needs change, capacity capabilities often do not reflect the demand plans. The absence of alignment results in inaccurate forecasts, thus putting the long-term sustainability of a business at risk. The focus and aim of the study is to understand how demand planning operations are aligned with capacity constraints at Nestlé ZAR. A quantitative explorative case study research design is being used and data was collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire in this study. The final sample size is 86, which comprised of employees from Demand and Supply Planning, Finance and Control, Sales and Marketing divisions. The sample includes top management, middle management, first level management and non-management. Data analysis uses descriptive and multivariate statistics. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University Ethics Committee and ethical principles were observed throughout the study. The study findings show that the organisation of interest in this study was perceived as adhering to capacity planning principles. The majority of the respondents perceived positively the capacity demand planning process. An average of 50% scored 22, which indicated a relatively high positive perception with regards to demand chain principles. The majority of the participants responded positively to the statements that information sharing achieves demand chain coordination and improves collaborative demand planning. An average of 50% scored 24, which indicated a relatively high positive perception with regards to information sharing. The results showed few capacity constraints that were perceived or experienced in this organisation. An average of 50% scored 17 which indicated that a moderate number of participants experience capacity constraints. Although the Spearman correlation did not sure any significant relationship between variables of interest in this study, the findings showed a wide range in the distribution of the responses of the participants in some items. This study highlighted that there is no one single approach to improving demand chain performance, but it was evident that allowing collaborative demand plans by using quality information shared can reduce impact of capacity constraints and improve planning performance. This study recommended that top management should provide full support to information sharing initiatives to facilitate the demand planning process. A national study to be conducted as this was conducted in one province, with a limited sample size. Keywords: Demand chain, information sharing, capacity.
Digital supply chain distribution of music in the South Africa recording industry : Durban region.
(2015) Ramnandan, Praveena.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The advent of the Internet as a music distribution channel led to significant transformation of the South African music industry at the end of the twentieth century. The Internet and electronic supply chain systems influences customers to migrate from physical product offerings to digital downloading platforms that offer access to digitalised music distribution and quasi-real-time consumption. While technological innovations have enhanced the digital distribution of music online, distribution systems have become a challenge within the supply chain network. This study aims to determine the implications of the paradigm shift in supply chain music distribution from analogue to digital. This research study has five objectives: firstly, to explore the challenges confronting the supply chain transition from analogue to digital music distribution systems; secondly, to examine the distribution operations processes for the digitalisation of music in relation to the effects of global market demand; thirdly, to evaluate the effects of supply chain value adding innovations in influencing digitalised music distribution and consumption in the recording industry; fourthly, to establish the extent of technological viability to which the Diffusion of Innovation theory enhances supply chain distribution competitiveness; and finally to assess the relative magnitude of supply chain competence and capability response to digital supply chain music distribution. The researcher selected an exploratory research design to explore digital music distribution in the South African recording industry. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis techniques are employed to analyse the data collected from 217 musicians. This study reveals several elements arising from the growth of digital music distribution in the Durban region, and makes a scholarly contribution to the promotion of the South African digital music market. The results provides support for: the disintermediation of physical retail stores which are perceived as the driver of digital music distribution; an increase in the number of independent artists and music entrepreneurs; and technologically compatible media devices that encourage more music downloads. The tools provided by the Internet inspire musicians to engage in creative music innovation, thereby creating global competitive standards. The study’s recommendations provides further insight and understanding of the digital music distribution sector.
Dimensions of supply risks in the supply of water: a case of Zululand District Municipality.
(2017) Khuzwayo, Sebenzile Ayanda.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Increasing water shortage is providing an imperative to the measurement of water utilisation. So as to give a sensible picture of utilisation, this measurement ought to incorporate the operational activities of the municipality as well as to view from an end to end supply chain point of view. This study, subsequently, aimed to investigate the supply risks in the supply of water of the Zululand District Municipality. The study has four objectives; firstly to establish the degree of balance between water supply and demand characterized by driving forces of service delivery; secondly to determine the extent of supply risk management of water within the restraining forces of the Zululand District Municipality; thirdly to determine the magnitude response capacity of the Zululand District Municipality to mitigate the supply risk of water delivery; and lastly to analyse whether the integration of service delivery activities enhance the supply component of water. The case study is exploratory and a thematic analysis approach was adopted after gathering information through an in-depth interview. It became evident in this research that district municipalities lack the capacity to deliver water services due to a variety of supply chain risks faced by the municipality. The study also showed that the region is confronted with various risks with regard to supplying water to the community members of the surrounding area. The implications of water shortage negatively affect the livelihood and enhancement of the people neighbouring the Zululand region. Key concepts: Water Shortage, Water Supply, Service Delivery, Supply Risk Management, Supply Chain Risk
Dynamics of demand order management on the Just in Time approach: a case at a stationery distributor.
(2017) Maharaj, Serisha.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The challenges of demand order management on the underlying Just in Time (JIT) approach need a long-term solution in order to reduce expenses and enhance supply chain performance. Demand management is a very important aspect of managing one’s organisation, especially in the presence of a volatile environment, full of competitors, global pressures and sustainability requirements. Thus, organisations are placed in a position where it has become necessary to implement strategies such as the JIT approach to meet demand with minimal resources and costs. Poor demand management decisions taken in forecasting therefore increase business risk and costs. The study aims to establish the effect of information sharing and collaborative forecasting within an organisation. The demand alignment may pose some problems leading to inefficiency in customer service, poor stock rotation and a high obsolescence rate aggravated by the diversity of products. Demand management sought the rapid and appropriate integration of the needs arising from the market in the direction of the suppliers in order to balance and strategically align demand with operational capacity along the supply chain. However, the concept of demand management is not yet understood by supply chain agents as the major cause of failure is accredited to not achieving chain coordination due to the poor understanding of demand leading to inadequate customer service, poor stock rotation and large obsolescence rates. The main aspects underpinning this study are: demand management; JIT; order fulfilment; information sharing; order synchronisation; and demand order variability and flexibility, and forecasting. The objectives of the study are: to determine the challenges of dynamic demand management under the JIT order fulfilment system; to establish the effects of information sharing and collaborative forecasting for efficient operational demand management; to explore the extent of demand order variability and flexibility on the underlying JIT system; and to analyse the role of order synchronisation fulfilment to facilitate the balanced alignment of demand and supply order management. The nature of this study suggests the use of an exploratory case study design to explore the dynamics of demand management with the JIT system employed by the organisation under study. A qualitative research approach was used in this study as it added more value when determining the issues faced in the organisation. The study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal at the Durban head office. The sampling type employed was purposive sampling. The total sample size is three. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used as a means of data collection. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data in the primary qualitative research in this study. The findings of this study suggest that communication and real-time data are matters of concern. These factors contribute to the poor demand management in the organisation. The results indicate that improvements in these aspects are imperative to the success of demand management processes. Effective management of communication between departments is recommended as well as more involvement from top management. Information systems that provide real time data should also be adopted. The managerial implications indicate that demand management does not depend on one specific department and is the responsibility of every supply chain member involved in the supply chain network as synchronisation plays a vital role in the balancing of demand and supply.
Dynamics of short-term operations scheduling in systematic supply chain distribution centres.
(2014) Jojozi, Fani Nicholas.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
A warehouse or distribution centre has a key and vital role to play in the success of modern supply chains within business in recent times – where the term ‘warehouse’ is referred to as the commercial buildings for buffering and storing of goods. Cross docking on the other hand is more concerned with the minimisation of transportation costs within the supply chain. In as much as it is a warehouse, cross docking looks at the transit of shipment of inbound goods to their prescribed destination within a period of less than 24 hours with no intention of keeping an inventory. One of the motivating facts that drive warehouses and distribution centres into being more efficient are the customer demands to deliver the requested shipments on time, in the right quantity, in the right place with affordable price. In this study, the researcher analyses the dynamics of short-term scheduling in systematic supply chain distribution centres. The aim is to understand inbound and outbound operations, internal information sharing and to understand the role of short-term scheduling on resolving bottleneck. The phenomena of short-term scheduling is modeled by efficient scheduling of trucks, challenges encountered from inbound right through to outbound and the magnitude of information sharing within and among supply chain partners.
The effect of omni-distribution systems in managing demand order fulfilment frequencies : an apparel retailer.
(2016) Rambaran, Sanjana.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
There is no gainsaying that the world of business is characterised by its own set of commercial dynamics. It is within this milieu that the study explores the emerging strategies that characterise the world of commerce with its myriad challenges. In the prevailing commercial environment it is observed that retailers are adopting the omni-channel approach as customers demand a more seamless shopping experience. To remain competitive, distribution networks are challenged to fulfil volatile customer demand from the omni-channel. South African retailers have taken to digital platforms despite barriers to entry in respect of the high cost of broad band and logistics challenges The research objectives of this study aim firstly, to determine the effects of omni-channel retail adoption by retail apparel companies in managing the transformation of the supply chain retail distribution systems; secondly, to examine the extent of relative change in demand to which the distribution systems enhance frequencies of order fulfilment, lead time and cycle time and fill rate; thirdly, to ascertain how the demand-driven omni-distribution systems influence the order fulfilment frequencies in a designated supply chain network; and finally, to establish the perceived contribution of integrated information systems towards information sharing and visibility within the virtual omni-distribution network. Omni-channel retailing is a contemporary topic with very little literature available especially in a South African context. The study employs deductive reasoning with the use of an exploratory case study which adopts a mixed-method approach. The exploratory nature of the study involves the exploration of new phenomena to understand the relationship between variables using interviews and a survey to collect data. Based on a population of 333 managers from 161 stores, 175 assistant store managers, store managers and area managers were surveyed and 13 senior managers and directors from Retailer X and the third party logistics (3PL) were interviewed. The univariate and bivariate methods were used for quantitative analysis while content analysis was used in the qualitative approach. The study reveals that the dispersed landscape and spectrum of cost consciousness to convenience focused customers warrants a customized distribution approach for South African retailers. Using the principles of leagility under the push-pull theory, cost and lead time has to be managed to achieve perfect order fulfilment.
Effects of intermodal transportation networks on the inbound and outbound Durban containerisation.
(2014) Govender, Nerissa.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The use of containers can be noted to focus entirely on the transportation of shipments with the use of intermodal networks. Those intermodal transportation networks commonly utilise inbound (sea networks) and outbound (road networks) frameworks. The structural design of the Durban Port facilitates movement and creates a transitional configuration of networks to function. The objectives of this study aim to understand the effects of capacity constraints on transitional inbound and outbound containerisation within the Durban harbour intermodal networks. It further attempts to establish the intermodal relationship of containerisation between the transitional shipping and road freight transportation networks. Finally, to examine the role of the Durban Port customs system in cargo clearing and forwarding processes. The nature of this study will be triangulation where both qualitative and quantitative studies are being used. The current logistical system in Durban has negatively impacted the transportation sector. Therefore, there is a need for developmental and strategic approaches to ensure that infrastructure is maintained and improved to accommodate the increase in international trade. The factors contributing to containerisation in relation to transitional transportation networks can create negative elemental designs, especially with the increase in global trade. Overweight containers can lead to mishandling and incorrect stowage capabilities on board shipping vessels. Deficiencies in technological systems such as the newly introduced NAVIS SPARCS increase the chances of longer standing time and cargo dwelling time. These systems were meant to streamline the movement of cargo from inbound to outbound; instead, there have been significant capacity constraints. Such constraints experienced at the Durban Port have led to congestion that has weakened business development. Delivery and cycle time have lengthened, resulting in inefficient service delivery on the part of facilitators and forwarding agents. The outbound transportation networks have struggled to maintain efficient and effective delivery time and service status due to their inability to facilitate the timeous movement of containers through customs for final delivery.
Factors inhibiting safety practises in warehouse operations: a case of Sonwabo Logistics.
(2021) Mdlalose, Sinethemba Sibahle.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The most prevalent challenge in warehouse operations is the high number of safety incidents and injuries. Among other factors, warehouse employees are constantly subjected to risk factors pertaining to safety practises whilst performing their daily functions. The goal, therefore, should be to identify the gap between current safety systems and the acceptable safety standards to identify ways to keep warehouse incidents to a bare minimum. In this way, organisations can carefully direct their resources and focus on the employee engagement with the current systems and operational procedures. The main purpose of this study is to determine the factors that inhabit safety practice in warehouse operations at Sonwabo logistics. The objectives of the study were to identify safety practises in retail warehousing operations; to identify factors inhibiting the effective workplace safety practises in warehouse operations; to examine whether the safety legislative section, standard operating procedures, and housekeeping strategy influence warehouse safety levels and to determine the extent to which warehouse mechanisation and automation influence employee safety for materials handling and ergonomics. The study used an exploratory case study research design using non-probability sampling that utilises both convenience and purposive sampling. Using the purposive sampling method, fourteen employees with expert knowledge of the subject matter were selected as sample size. Primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions which were distributed electronically. By employing interview questions, interviewees could establish critical factors that affect effective workplace safety operational standards. A total of 14 responses were received and deemed usable for the analysis. Personnel from the inbound, outbound logistics, risk management, operations control, and human resources departments were chosen for the sample. Using the Nvivo themes and patterns. The study found that safety practises are usually not followed by employees, and they only exist on paper. Additionally, there was evidence of a misalignment between health and safety requirements and daily operational activities. Based on the research findings, negligence, insufficient training, inadequate supply of Personal Protective Equipment and signage are the prevailing factors that hinder the effectiveness of workplace safety practises in retail warehouse operations. On average, the respondents agreed with the OHSA that it is the responsibility of the employer to enforce the legislative requirements while it is the employee’s responsibility to comply with the health and safety standards that are put in place. Furthermore, the results revealed that even though Distribution Centres understand the importance of safety practises, finances are being channelled to warehouse mechanisation and automation while safety practises are being overlooked. The study concluded that the factors affecting workplace safety are still prevalent and need to be reinforced further to maintain zero tolerance for workplace injuries.
Fleet decarbonisation for sustainable transport initiative: a case of V-Polizza.
(2022) Ndawonde, Thandiswa Nkosingithandile.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Abstract available in PDF.
Going green: green warehousing in selected food retail enterprises in Durban, South Africa.
(2022) Govender, Kylie Laurelle.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The processes utilised in food retail warehouses have various negative impacts on the environment such as air and land pollution arising from distribution and in-house activities. The search for new technologies that can mitigate these impacts is gaining traction in the business world. However, the implementation of green warehousing strategies has several implications. Research on the effects of such strategies will promote informed decision-making on sustainable practices and enable the identification of green technology’s contribution to sustainable development. This study examined the technology, distribution and operations gaps in selected food retail industries. Its objectives were to identify the challenges confronting green retail warehousing operations in this industry and assess retail warehousing distribution practices and how retailers enhance eco-friendly environmental logistics as well as measure how innovative technology influences the adoption of green warehouse operations. This involved identification of the types of vehicles and modes of transport utilised. The warehouse management systems employed in the selected companies were also assessed in order to determine their contribution to the organisations’ willingness to innovate. Energy-efficient measures were examined to highlight new processes to reduce emissions in the warehouse. An exploratory, descriptive research design was employed and a qualitative approach was adopted. Data was gathered by means of interviews with nine participants and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that many food retail companies have not fully integrated green practices and that the manual processes in place pose a threat to the environment. Based on the findings, green implementation is recommended to sustain the environment as well as simplify in-house practices.
Impacts of supply chain integration on resilience in state-owned logistics enterprises in Namibia.
(2023) Shooya, Anatolia Tshanyengandje.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The study investigates supply chain integration (SCI) strategy and its impact on supply chain resilience within Namibia's state-owned logistics enterprises, explicitly focusing on the Port of Walvis Bay in the Erongo region. Despite the recognised synergistic effect of SCI on enhancing resilience, its application in Namibia's state-owned logistics enterprises, especially in Port Walvis Bay, requires specific investigation. Motivated by the need to determine SCI's implementation extent and its impact on resilience in these enterprises, the study aims to (a) to establish the impact of internal integration, (b) to determine the effect of supplier integration, (c) to establish customer integration's impact, (d) to determine the impact of information integration, and (e) to examine the relationship between supply chain integration and resilience. The study employed a quantitative questionnaire survey in six logistics industries in Walvis Bay. Data analysis employed structural equation modelling with the partial least squares method. The findings indicate that supply chain integration significantly contributes to resilience and substantially affects state-owned logistics enterprises in the Port of Walvis Bay, Erongo region. However, this relationship is not linear but contingent on the level of supply chain resilience. The study highlights the critical role of supply chain resilience as a mediator between integration and state-owned logistics enterprises, contributing to a better understanding of industry dynamics. This insight is valuable for practitioners and policymakers aiming to enhance the performance and resilience of regional state-owned logistics enterprises.
Information sharing to manage bullwhip effect on the stream sites: a case of Khathino Supermarket.
(2021) Makhathini, Smangele Samantha.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Information sharing between supply chain partners can result in improved business processes. Information sharing in the Khathino supply chain lacks consistency. This lack of consistency may be due to misalignment in supply chain operations and internal communication systems. Despite the systems used by the organisation and the regional distribution center in place managing the bullwhip effect remains a significant challenge. The study aims to entrench the magnitude of communication between Khathino warehouse and supermarket through supply chain technological systems and collaboration between supply chain partners. Research objective aim: firstly, to examine the extent of information sharing to optimize management of bullwhip effect; secondly, to examine how information is shared from retail warehouse to the supermarket to ensure stock management and order fulfilment; thirdly, to assess the impacts of supply chain technology as an enabling tool of information sharing; and finally, to establish the extent of collaborative planning to entrench the magnitude of communication amongst warehouse and supermarket to ensure better information sharing. This study used both questionnaires and interviews to collect data from the sample size of 150 respondents and 2 participants. The quantitative approach used descriptive statistics and frequency distribution to analyse individual variables. Pearson correlation, crosstabulation, and chi-square were chosen for bivariate analysis. The qualitative approach utilised thematic analysis to analyse data collected from 2 participants. The majority of respondents (98%) agree that information is shared from the warehouse to the supermarket and from the supermarket to the warehouse to make strategic decisions. This study found empirical evidence that supply chain technology plays an important role to the organisations performance. The study further discovered that ninety-six percent of the respondents from this study agreed that electronically enabled information sharing technologies improve integration, coordination, and cooperation in supply chain networks. This indicates that’s supply chain technology remains the central hypothesis on the company’s performance. The findings of this study show that good supply chain technology is necessary for a significant magnitude of information sharing between warehouses and individual stores. As a result of this finding, the information technologies implemented should include the collaboration of supply chain partners. These management implications show that collaboration is the responsibility of all supply chain partners.
An integrated logistics network to enhance logistics optimisation of the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s off-campus resident students’ transportation.
(2017) Ngidi, Nduduzo Christian.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The application of an integrated logistical network at the University of KwaZulu-Natal transportation system seeks to optimise the coordination of the movement of students in the University. The logistics network of the University of KwaZulu-Natal includes insourced and outsourced logistics services. This study is based on the nature of the University’s student transportation system along with the phenomenon of an integrated network. The main purpose of this study is to explore the nature of the logistics network of the University by identifying its compatibility with the principles of integration. The objectives of this study are: firstly, to assess the influence of an integrated logistics network in optimising the transport services of the University. Secondly, to examine the effect of the process flow of the outsourced and insourced student transportation systems of the University. Thirdly, to establish the extent of the relationship between the transportation schedule and transport facilities. Finally, to assess the perceived performance outcomes of selected logistical systems against the expectation of the selected stakeholders. This study applies the research onion that classifies research into five stages such as research philosophy, research approaches, research strategies, time horizons, and data collection methods. A quantitative approach has been adopted to analyse the data from 250 respondents. Using nonprobability sampling, the purposive technique assisted to collect relevant data from persons of interest and knowledge. The study findings reveal the extent to which an integrated logistics network influences optimisation in the off-campus residents’ transportation network of the University. Also, it reveals the perceived performance of the logistics network from the perspective of the students. Lastly, the study reveals a needed paradigm shift in meeting the transportation needs of off-campus resident students. This arises from the expressed dissatisfaction from students; it is also an opportunity for further incorporation of technology in the operational and managerial procedures within the logistics network of the University
Modelling supply chain basic health sanitation challenges in district high schools: North West Province.
(2021) Tlhabudugwane, Remofilwe Virginia.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Basic health sanitation is an essential human need. However, many South African schools confront challenges in providing a sufficient level of basic health sanitation. These have been exacerbated by the global Covid-19 pandemic. This study employed the Supply Chain Operations Reference model to examine the challenges affecting efficient and effective supply chain sanitation operations in high schools. Its objectives were to establish how high schools develop an operations plan for integrated supply chain sanitation and hygiene; evaluate how these schools’ sourcing strategies facilitate improved service delivery; establish how high schools’ operations processes influence sanitation, hygiene and service delivery; and to determine how schools’ waste management systems in relation to sanitation and hygiene influence the type of material, products and packaging systems. An exploratory design was adopted to examine the challenges affecting high schools’ supply chain sanitation operations. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected from 21 participants in high schools in Ngaka Modiri Molema District, and two from the Department of Basic Education in North West Province. The results showed that the majority of schools, especially those in rural areas, confront supply chain basic health sanitation challenges such as a shortage of water and sanitary pads as well as vandalism, with the lack of financial resources identified as a significant challenge. Based on the findings, supply chain integration is recommended as a possible solution to these challenges.
Optimising information sharing within the Massmart supply chain network.
(2014) Naidoo, Kashmira.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The promotion-driven retail chain within the Massmart group resembles variability upstream and downstream of the supply chain. This variability may be associated with mis-alignment of supply chain activities and the in-house electronic systems of communication. Despite the implementation of a logistics network and regional distribution centres, the movement of stock from manufacturers to retail stores remains a challenge in managing out-of-stock situations at various stores. The supply chain partners across extended enterprises epitomise limited demand information sharing within the retail promotion-driven model. The foundation upon which information is currently shared emanates from long, silo-oriented forecasting periods (eight weeks), oversimplified point-of-sale data and a poorly synchronised supply chain strategy. The study aims to optimise supply chain integrated information sharing through collaborative, forecast-based performance outcomes and electronically-shared information tools across extended enterprises. Research objectives in this study aim: firstly, to examine the extent to which optimised information sharing is enhanced by integrated supply chain activities across the extended enterprise; secondly, to establish the magnitude of supply chain value-added performance outcomes in the collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment model across functions and across enterprises; and finally, to establish the role of electronically-enabled information sharing tools in an integrated and effective supply chain structure. This study uses questionnaires to collect data from the returned sample size of 143 respondents out of an initial distribution of 165 questionnaires. This quantitative approach uses descriptive statistics and frequency distributions to analyse individual variables. Pearson correlation was chosen for bivariate analysis while multiple regression analysis further considered the relationship between information sharing and the independent variables using multivariate analysis. The findings of this study suggest that optimised information sharing across the extended enterprise is dependent on the accessibility and performance of information systems and technological tools. This result indicates that the information systems adopted should facilitate the extended supply chain collaboration and mitigate supply chain network variability from the promotion-driven model. These managerial implications indicate that supply chain efficiency and integration is the responsibility of each individual supply chain partner involved in a retail supply chain network.
Perceptions of informal local traders on the influence of emerging markets : Umlazi and Kwa-Mashu townships.
(2015) Dlamini, Machawe Victor.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Mall development in South African townships has increased in recent times as large chains strive to increase their profitability. The emergence of township malls and suppliers’ expansion into the townships has the potential to create jobs and improve the quality of goods and services. However, it is important to note that these developments could negatively affect informal township traders. While the expansion of mainstream retailers into South African townships offers business opportunities and more choice to consumers, it also threatens to displace traditional local informal traders. Informal local traders are individuals who act as distribution channels that focus on moving products at a small scale, while formal retailers are large chain stores that provide a wide variety of goods and products in bulk and breaking bulk. Emerging markets are characterized by an increase in personal disposable income among previously disadvantaged groups. This study therefore, explored the effects of value-creating supply chain distribution systems and the perceptions of informal local traders in emerging markets in the two largest townships in KwaZulu-Natal province, Umlazi and Kwa-Mashu. Four key objectives underpinned this study: to explore informal township traders’ perceptions of the effects of value-creation supply chain distribution systems in emerging markets; to assess the influence of emerging markets on the optimal structured cost of the distribution model and propensity to improve product availability; to establish the extent of the transformation of informal retail enterprise development by formalized large scale chains through a configured supply chain; and, finally to evaluate the extent of the displacement of informal local traders as a result of the entry of both large scale suppliers and retailers into township markets. The study employed various univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques to analyse the data collected from 291 respondents. The study found that, while informal local traders appreciate the transformation and development of the townships brought about by mall development, their businesses have been somewhat or completely displaced by the emergence of township malls.
Perceptions of professional service staff on the effects of outsourcing of courier services : University of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2015) Neboh, Nkechi Dorothy.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
The dynamics of clock speed, the turbulence of business environment and the challenges of globalisation have influenced firms like University of KwaZulu-Natal in making the strategic decision to outsource some of its business activities. The university uses courier services to transport examination papers to and from external examiners but this schedule became problematic, affecting operational processes at the university thereby exerting considerable pressure on the professional service staff members. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of outsourcing of courier service activities at University of KwaZulu-Natal. This study further aims to achieve the following objectives: firstly, to assess professional service staff’s perceptions of the effects of outsourcing couriers services at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Secondly, to examine the effects of the dynamics of examination process scheduling on the capabilities of the courier service. Thirdly, to establish the extent of outside value-creation service sourcing to which resource based view decisions enhance efficient operations at the university. Fourthly, to evaluate the extent of outside value-creation service sourcing to which transaction cost economics’ decisions are strategically derived. Finally, to assess the relationship between the perceived courier service performance requirements and the university’s decision process on resource capacity maximization and transaction cost containment. An exploratory research design was used to evaluate the relationship between the courier company’s service performance and decisions relating to cost containment within the limited resources. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, logistics regression, factor analysis and multiple regression were used to analyze the data collected from 124 professional staff members at University of KwaZulu-Natal (all five campuses). The main findings reveal that the most important factors to consider when outsourcing, especially during the examination period were a flexible schedule, service excellence, innovative technology, an integrated logistics system, administrative work, courier value added service and increased efficiency. The managerial implication involves some remarks and recommendations that will assist management in deciding on the factors already adopted to enhance the university’s operations as well as adopt those that are lacking thereof. The adoption of these factors will confirm the decision to outsource as a good strategy for the university.
Public procurement system challenges at selected higher education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
(2023) Gurayah, Jayrusha Ramasamy.; Naude, Michelle Jane.; Mbhele, Thokozani Patmond.
Over the last decade in South Africa, public procurement has evolved significantly and attracted much scholarly research interest. There are challenges that exist in public procurement from provincial to national levels, these challenges are a combination of various areas of concern in the public sector. The researcher has unpacked these challenges into clear study constructs. The key procurement challenges resonate with the quality of PEOPLE, PROCESS and TECHNOLOGY amassed by the individual higher education institutions. In this study three higher education institutions were selected. The procurement policies and principles that entrench the higher education institutions (HEIs) in terms of delivering high levels of service and maintaining financially viable institution. Universities as institutions of higher learning have a mandate in ensuring that efficient and effective public procurement occurs at all levels. Against this backdrop, this study explored and identified the public procurement challenges at higher education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The procurement system in these institutions exposed a gap on qualified and capable talent, in accord processes and the dearth of adoption emerging technology to achieve efficiency and effectiveness of procurement systems. The findings of study revealed the challenges, inefficiencies and technological barriers in the procurement systems. To model a financially and operationally feasible, 4 IR technological driven procurement system, a conceptual model was created with an agile and resilient procurement system's potential in consideration, with a focus on building adaptability and demand responsiveness. The main aim of this study is to identify the public procurement challenges of the selected HEIs and to detail the public procurement system by focusing on the main constructs of the study: people, process and technology. This study made use of an exploratory and descriptive qualitative research approach. The research setting will be the campuses of the selected HEIs. The gathering of primary data via semi-structured in-depth interviews were collected. A sample size of thirty procurement employees and management of the three HEIs were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used as the data analysis technique. The qualitative data was analysed and processed by NVivo.20 software.

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