A systematic approach for evaluating conservation initiatives in the sustainable livelihood of the Kwasokhulu Community.
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Date
2017
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Abstract
This research develops a soft systems approach to evaluate conservation initiatives in the
sustainable livelihoods framework of Kwasokhulu, and in so doing, contributes to the literature on
Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Whilst there is, in the theory of systems thinking and practice,
much written on the subject of conservation in organizations worldwide, there is very little on the
Kwasokhulu fisheries conservation context to promote livelihood, especially from within the soft
systems paradigm.
Ezemvelo-KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife (EKZNW) is a conservation organization where natural
resource management systems have been developed on a so-called conservation approach, where
the focus has been on the characteristics of the conserved areas. A softer issue, which interrogates
humans, and environment where conservation issues exist, has previously taken secondary position
to the functionality of the system. The SSM approach as applied in this context considers
conservation implementation to be complex and changing entities whose nature is repeatedly
redefined by the people in it. The perception of the conservation authority is also shaped and
redefined by the people in it.
This research illustrates the use of SSM in relation to protected area management and sustainable
livelihood. A presentation and discussion of the use of SSM as a project framework of natural
resource project implementation is provided in the paper. It is contested that SSM has the potential
to provide a very rich picture of social environment complexity at hand through the use of
individual stakeholders‟ interviews and cognitive maps. SSM provides an opportunity for systems
development reflexive learning. The empirical and dialogue processes of SSM proved a very
useful tool in creating discussion about possible futures as well as in disclosing stakeholders‟
attitudes and present system constraints in Kwasokhulu (the area of research). The researcher has
appreciated SSM as a participatory research methodology, but it has not provided an automatic
emancipation to the stakeholders of Kwasokhulu. Other issues such as political and cultural aspects
of the research area may restrict the feasibility of using participatory process. This places an ethical
responsibility on the problem intervener or facilitator of the Soft Systems Methodology process.
In conclusion, this research does not frame SSM as a sufficient method for solving all complex
natural systems situations. Rather, it serves as a useful platform for structuring necessary learning,
reflexivity, and deliberations that should be an integral part of Kwasokhulu development project
management. If tabled recommendations are implemented by EKZNW, it could provide a means
for participation, learning and dialogue about project content to all stakeholders.
Description
Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.