The intersection of psychological distress and substance misuse in South Africa’s youth.

Abstract

Background: This study explored the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of psychological distress among South Africans aged 15-24. This relationship is exacerbated by alcohol and illicit drug use, particularly in vulnerable populations affected by socio-economic disparities. The research aims to identify the risk factors associated with psychological distress and substance abuse, guiding targeted, efficient, prevention-focused, and effective interventions. Methods: Utilizing cross-sectional household survey data (Fifth South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey) this study focuses on a sample of 12,058 individuals (weighted to N=9 625 567) aged 15-24. The analysis employs a range of univariate regression methods to assess the relationships between demographic factors, substance use, and psychological distress, identifying key risk subpopulations within the national context. Results: The findings reveal significant mediation factors such as female gender, urban residency, and lower socio-economic status. The study highlights the association between psychological distress and substance use, with notable gendered differences in the nature of distress experienced and its relation to economic factors. Implications and Recommendations: The study suggests the need for comprehensive interventions addressing substance abuse, focusing on socio-economic and environmental factors predisposing youth to psychological distress. Emphasis on preventive measures, mental health support services, and tackling mental health stigma is crucial for improving social support structures and healthcare accessibility.